Allah the Exalted has conferred a special blessing upon this ummah - that is, the
whole earth has been declared a mosque for it. Therefore, when the time for prayer
comes, a Muslim may pray wherever he may be. Abu Zharr asked the Prophet, "What
was the first mosque on the earth?" He said: "The Masjid al-Haram [in Makkah]."
Abu Zharr asked: "which is the next oldest mosque?" The Prophet sallallahu alehi
wassalam said: "The al-Aqsa Mosque." Abu Zharr asked: "How much time was there between
[the building of the two]." The Prophet sallallahu alehi wasallam replied: "Forty
years." Then, he said: "Wherever you may be, at the time of salah, you may pray
for it [the earth] is all a mosque." This is related by the group.
'Uthman reports that the Prophet sallallahu alehi wasallam said: "Whoever builds
for Allah a mosque, seeking by it Allah's grace, Allah will build for him a house
in paradise." This is related by al-Bukhari and Muslim.
Ibn 'Abbas reports that the Prophet sallallahu alehi wasallam said: "Whoever builds
for Allah a mosque, even if it be tiny, like a bird's nest, Allah will build for
him a house in paradise." This is related by Ahmad, Ibn Hibban, and al-Bazzar with
a sahih chain.
It is sunnah to make supplications while going to the mosque. The following are
examples of such supplications:
Umm Salamah reports: "When the Messenger of Allah left the house he would say: 'In
the name of Allah, I put my trust in Allah. O Allah, I seek refuge in Thee lest
I stray or be led astray or cause injustice or suffer injustice or do wrong or have
wrong done to me !" This is related by Abu Dawud, an-Nasa'i, Ibn Majah, and at-Tirmizhi,
who calls it sahih.
Anas reports that the Messenger of Allah said: "Whoever says upon leaving from his
house: 'In the name of Allah, I put my trust in Allah. There is no power or might
except with Allah,' it will be said to him: 'That is sufficient for you...you are
guided, defended, and protected and the devil will be driven away from you."' This
is related by Abu Dawud, an-Nasa'i, and at-Tirmizhi who calls it hasan.
Al-Bukhari and Muslim record from Ibn 'Abbas that the Prophet left for the mosque
saying: "O Allah, make light in my heart, and light in my vision, and light in my
hearing, and light on my right, and light behind me, and light in my nerves, and
light in my flesh, and light in my blood, and light in my hair and light in my skin."
In Muslim's version, we find "O Allah, make light in my heart and light on my tongue,
and make light in my hearing, and light in my sight, and make light behind me, and
light in front of me, and make light above me, and light below me . O Allah, give
me light."
Abu Sa'id al-Khudri reports that the Prophet said: "If a man leaves his house to
go to the prayer and says, 'O Allah, I ask You by the right of the suppliant upon
You and by the right of this walking - as I have not come out in an arrogant or
unthankful manner or for show or for fame; I came out in fear of Your anger and
desiring Your pleasure - I ask You to rescue me from the Fire and to forgive my
sins as no one forgives sins, save You," Allah will assign for him seventy thousand
angels to ask forgiveness for him and Allah turns His face to him until he finishes
his prayer." This is related by Ahmad, Ibn Khuzaimah, and Ibn Majah. Al-Hafez said
that it is hasan.
It is a sunnah for one who wants to enter the mosque to enter with his right foot
first and to say: "I seek refuge in Allah, the Exalted, and by His honorable face,
and in His everlasting authority, [away] from the outcast Satan. In the name of
Allah! O Allah, shower blessings upon Muhammad. O Allah, forgive my sins for me
and open for me the doors of Your mercy."
When one wants to leave the mosque he should step with his left foot first and say:
"In the name of Allah! O Allah, shower blessings upon Muhammad. O Allah, forgive
my sins for me and open for me the doors of Your bounty. O Allah, protect me from
the accursed Satan."
Abu Hurairah reports that the Prophet sallallahu alehi wasallam said: "If anyone
goes back and forth to the mosque [to attend the prayers], Allah will prepare for
him a feast in paradise as often as he goes back and forth." This is related by
Ahmad, al-Bukhari, and Muslim.
Abu Sa'id reports that the Prophet sallallahu alehi wasallam said: "If you see a
man frequenting the mosque, then testify that he has faith. As Allah says,'The attendants
of Allah's mosque are those who believe in Allah and the last day [At-Taubah 18]."'
This is related by Ahmad, Ibn Majah, Ibn Khuzaimah, Ibn Hibban, and by at-Tirmizhi,
who says it is hasan, and by al-Hakim who says it is sahih.
Muslim records, on the authority of Abu Hurairah, that the Messenger of Allah said:
"If anyone purifies himself in his house, and then walks to one of the houses of
Allah to fulfill one of the obligations laid down by Allah, then [each one] of his
steps will erase one of his sins and the next will raise his degrees."
Abu ad-Darda' reports that the Messenger of Allah said: "The mosque is a house for
every pious person, and Allah provides everyone whose house is the mosque with comfort,
leisure, and a path to Allah's pleasure, to paradise." This is related by at-Tabarani
and al-Bazzar with a sahih chain.
We have already mentioned the hadith which begins with words "Shall I not point
out to you [an act] by which Allah erases sins and raises degrees. . . ?"
Abu Qatadah reports that the Messenger of Allah said: "When one of you comes to
the mosque, he should pray two rak'at before he sits." This is related by the group.
Jabir reports that the Messenger of Allah said: "Prayer in the inviolable mosque
[in Makkah] is like 100,000 prayers [elsewhere]. And prayers in my mosque [in Medinah]
is like one thousand prayers [elsewhere]. And a prayer in Bait al-Maqdis [in Jerusalem]
is like five hundred prayers [elsewhere]. This is related by alBaihaqi, and as-Sayuti
says it is hasan.
Ahmad records that the Messenger of Allah said: "Offering salah in my mosque is
better than one thousand prayers elsewhere, save for those offered in the inviolable
mosque. And salah in the inviolable mosque is better than salah in my mosque by
one hundred prayers."
The Prophet said: "One should not undertake a journey, save to three mosques: the
inviolable mosque [in Makkah], my mosque here [in Medinah], and Masjid al-Aqsa [in
Jerusalem]." This is related by the group.
Anas reports that the Messenger of Allah said: "The Hour will not come to pass until
the people vie with each other in (building) the mosques." This is related by Ahmad,
Abu Dawud, anNasa'i, Ibn Majah, and Ibn Hibban who calls it sahih. Ibn Khuzaimah's
wording is: "A time will come when the people will vie with each other in (building)
the mosques but very few will attend (the mosques)."
Ibn 'Abbas reports that the Messenger of Allah said: "I have not been ordered to
build high and lofty mosques." Abu Dawud's version adds: "Ibn 'Abbas said: 'You
will certainly embellish them as the Jews and Christians embellished [their places
of worship]."' The preceding hadith was related by Abu Dawud and by Ibn Hibban who
calls it sahih.
'Umar ordered mosques to be built and would say: "Protect the people from the rain.
Beware of red and yellow decorations for they distract people." This is related
by Ibn Khuzaimah in his sahih and by al-Bukhari in mualaq form.
'Aishah reports that the Prophet ordered that mosques be built in residential areas
and that they be cleaned and perfumed. This is related by Ahmad, Abu Dawud, at-Tirmizhi,
Ibn Majah, and Ibn Hibban with a good chain. Abu Dawud's wording is: "He ordered
us to build the mosques in the residential areas, to build them well, and to purify
them. 'Abdullah would burn incense when 'Umar would sit on the pulpit."
Anas reports that the Prophet sallallahu alehi wasallam said: "The rewards of my
ummah were placed before me, even for removing a speck of dust from the mosque."
This is related by Abu Dawud, at-Tirmizhi, and Ibn Khuzaimah who calls it sahih.
The Mosques are houses of worship and it is obligatory to keep them clean and free
of filth and noxious smells.
Muslim records that the Prophet sallallahu alehi wasallam said: "These mosques are
not meant for urine or filth but they are for the remembrance of Allah and the recital
of the Qur'an.
Ahmad records, with a sahih chain, that the Prophet sallallahu alehi wasallam said:
"If one of you expectorates, he should cover it lest it should besmear a believer's
body or clothing and harm him."
Ahmad and al-Bukhari record from Abu Hurairah that the Messenger of Allah said:
"When one of you stands to pray, he should not spit in front of him as he is facing
Allah when he is in prayer. And he should not spit to his right as there is an angel
on his right. So, he should spit to his left or under his feet and he should bury
it."
Jabir reports that the Prophet sallallahu alehi wasallam said: "Whoever eats garlic,
onion, or leek should not come close to our mosque for the angels are harmed by
what harms the children of Adam." This is related by al-Bukhari and Muslim.
On Friday, 'Umar addressed the people saying: "O you people, you eat of two plants
which I consider bad [onion and garlic] for I have seen the Prophet, when he perceived
their smell from someone, he would order the man to go to al-Baqi'. Whoever eats
them should suppress their odor by cooking them." This is related by Ahmad, Muslim,
and an-Nasa'i.
Abu Hurairah reports that the Messenger of Allah said: "If you hear a man announcing
in the mosque about some object which he has lost tell him: 'May Allah not return
it to you for the mosques are not built for that."' This is related by Muslim.
Abu Hurairah also relates that the Prophet said: "If you see someone buying or selling
in the mosque, say to him: 'May Allah not give you any profit in your trading."'
This is related by an-Nasa'i and at-Tirmizhi. The latter calls it hasan.
'Abdullah ibn 'Umar reports that the Peophet forbade buying and selling in the mosque,
reciting poetry in it, or announcing lost items, and he especially prohibited making
a circle [i.e., a meeting in a circle] before the Friday prayer. This is related
by the five, and at-Tirmizhi calls it sahih.
The poetry which is prohibited is that which ridicules a Muslim, praises a wrongdoer
or some lewdness, and so on. Concerning that which contains wisdom or praises of
Islam or encouragement to piety, there is nothing wrong with it. Abu Hurairah reports
that 'Umar passed by Hassan as he was reciting poetry in the mosque. 'Umar looked
at him in a disapproving manner. Hassan said: "I used to recite when one better
than you was present." He turned to Abu Hurairah and said: "I adjure you by Allah
to state that you have heard the Messenger of Allah say: 'Respond for me [Hassan].
O Allah, support him with the Angel Gabriel.'" Abu Hurairah said: "Yes, [I heard
it]." This is related by al-Bukhari and Muslim.
Shaikh al-Islam Ibn Taimiyah says: "Begging is forbidden whether it is in the mosque
or outside it, unless there is a real need for it. If necessary, one may beg in
the mosque as long as one does not harm anyone and does not lie in begging, or disturb
the people by stepping over them or with one's loudness, for instance, when the
people are listening to the Friday khutbah, and one distracts them by one's voice.
It is forbidden to raise one's voice in such a way that it disturbs others' prayers,
even if it is done while reciting the Qur'an. Teaching or imparting knowledge (to
others) is exempt from this prohibition.
Ibn 'Umar relates that the Prophet sallallahu alehi wasallam entered upon some people
while they were praying and they were raising their voices in the Qur'anic recital.
The Prophet said: "One who is praying is in a private conversation with his Lord
so he should be mindful of whom he is conversing with. And you should not raise
your voices against each other in [the recital of] the Qur'an." This is related
by Ahmad with a sahih chain.
Abu Sa' id al-Khurdi reports that the Prophet was making seclusion (i'tikaf) in
the mosque and he heard the people reciting aloud. He removed the covering and said:
"Verily, each of you is in a private conversation with his Lord so you should not
disturb each other. And you are not to raise your voices against each other in the
recitation." This is related by Abu Dawud, an-Nasa'i, al-Baihaqi, and al-Hakim who
grades it sahih according to the criteria of al-Bukhari and Muslim.
An-Nawawi says: "It is permissible to engage in lawful conversation in the mosque
and one may discuss worldly affairs and other things and even laugh, as long as
it is about something permissible. This opinion is based on the hadith of Jabir
ibn Samurah who said: 'The Prophet would not rise from his place of the morning
prayer until the sun had risen, and when the sun rose, he would get up. And they
would talk and laugh about [pre-Islamic] days of ignorance, and he would smile.'"
This is related by Muslim.
When one wants to leave the mosque he should step with his left foot first and say:
"In the name of Allah! O Allah, shower blessings upon Muhammad. O Allah, forgive
my sins for me and open for me the doors of Your bounty. O Allah, protect me from
the accursed Satan."
Ibn 'Umar says: "During the time of the Messenger of Allah, we would sleep and take
nap in the mosque, and at that time, we were young men."
An-Nawawi said: "It is confirmed that ahl as-suffah, 'Ali, Sufyan ibn Umayyah, and
a number of the companions used to sleep in the mosque. Thumamah slept there before
he embraced Islam. All of that was during the time of the Messenger of Allah." Ash-Shaf'i
writes in al-Umm: "If a polythiest could sleep in a mosque, then definitely a Muslim
can." In alMukhtasar it is said: "There is no harm in a polythiest staying in any
mosque except the inviolable mosque [in Makkah]." 'Abdullah ibn al-Harith says:
"During the time of the Messenger of Allah, we would eat meat and bread in the mosque."
This is related by Ibn Majah with a hasan chain.
It is disliked to clasp one's hands while going to the mosque or while waiting for
the salah in the mosque, although it is perfectly permissible to do so at other
times, even in the mosque. Ka'b relates that the Messenger of Allah said: "When
one of you makes wudu', perfects the wudu', and leaves with the intention of going
to the mosque, he should not intertwine his fingers as he is [considered to be]
in salah." This is related by Ahmad, Abu Dawud, and atTirmizhi .
Abu Sa'id al-Khudri says: "I entered the mosque with the Messenger of Allah while
a man was sitting in the middle of the mosque with his fingers intertwined. The
Messenger of Allah motioned to him but the man did not notice or understand him.
The Messenger of Allah turned and said: 'If one of you is in the mosque, he should
not intertwine his fingers as intertwining of the fingers is from the Satan, and
you are in the prayer while you are in the mosque until you leave it."' This is
related by Ahmad.
It is allowed for the imam or one who is offering salah by himself to pray between
two walls or enclosures. Al-Bukhari and Muslim record from Ibn 'Umar that when the
Prophet entered the Ka'bah, he prayed between two walls.
Sa'id ibn Jubair, Ibrahim at-Taimi, and Suwaid ibn Ghuflah led the people in salah
while they were between two columns. It is disliked for the followers to pray between
them if they have enough room because it cuts the row, but they may do so if they
are constrained to it.
Anas says: "We were prohibited to offer salah between walls and we would keep others
from it." This is related by al-Hakim who says it is sahih.
Mu'awiyyah ibn Qurrah relates that his father said: "We were prohibited to make
rows between walls during the time of the Prophet and we kept others from it." This
is related by Ibn Majah but one of its narrator is majhul (unknown as a trustworthy
person). Sa'id ibn Mansur records in his Sunan that Ibn Mas'ud, Ibn 'Abbas, and
Huzhaifah prohibited it. Ibn Sayyid an-Nass said: "There is no known difference
among the companions [on this point]."
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