Allah narrates what happened to Yusuf, peace be upon him, after his brothers
threw him down the well and left him in it, alone, where he remained for three
days, according to Abu Bakr bin `Ayyash. Muhammad bin Ishaq said, "After Yusuf's
brothers threw him down the well, they remained around the well for the rest of
the day to see what he might do and what would happen to him. Allah sent a
caravan of travelers that camped near that well, and they sent to it the man
responsible for drawing water for them. When he approached the well, he lowered
his bucket down into it, Yusuf held on to it and the man rescued him and felt
happy,
[يبُشْرَى هَـذَا
غُلاَمٌ]
("What good news! Here is a boy.'') Al-`Awfi reported that Ibn `Abbas
commented, "Allah's statement,
[وَأَسَرُّوهُ
بِضَـعَةً]
(So they hid him as merchandise), is in reference to Yusuf's brothers, who
hid the news that he was their brother. Yusuf hid this news for fear that his
brothers might kill him and preferred to be sold instead. Consequently, Yusuf's
brothers told the water drawer about him and that man said to his companions,
[يبُشْرَى هَـذَا
غُلاَمٌ]
("What good news! Here is a boy.''), a slave whom we can sell. Therefore,
Yusuf's own brothers sold him.'' Allah's statement,
[وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ
بِمَا يَعْمَلُونَ]
(And Allah was the All-Knower of what they did. ) states that Allah knew what
Yusuf's brothers, and those who bought him, did. He was able to stop them and
prevent them from committing their actions, but out of His perfect wisdom He
decreed otherwise. He let them do what they did, so that His decision prevails
and His appointed destiny rules,
[أَلاَ لَهُ
الْخَلْقُ وَالاٌّمْرُ تَبَارَكَ اللَّهُ رَبُّ الْعَـلَمِينَ]
(Surely, His is the creation and commandment. Blessed is Allah, the Lord of
the all that exists!) [7:54] This reminds Allah's Messenger Muhammad , that
Allah has perfect knowledge in the persecution that his people committed against
him and that He is able to stop them. However, He decided to give them respite,
then give Muhammad the victory and make him prevail over them, just as He gave
Yusuf victory and made him prevail over his brothers. Allah said next,
[وَشَرَوْهُ بِثَمَنٍ
بَخْسٍ دَرَهِمَ مَعْدُودَةٍ]
(And they sold him for a Bakhs price, - for a few Dirhams) in reference to
Yusuf's brothers selling him for a little price, according to Mujahid and
`Ikrimah. `Bakhs' means decreased, just as Allah the Exalted said in another
Ayah,
[فَلاَ يَخَافُ
بَخْساً وَلاَ رَهَقاً]
(shall have no fear, either of a Bakhs (a decrease in the reward of his good
deeds) or a Rahaq (an increase in the punishment for his sins).) [72:13] meaning
that Yusuf's brothers exchanged him for a miserably low price. Yet, he was so
insignificant to them that had the caravan people wanted him for free, they
would have given him for free to them! Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid and Ad-Dahhak said
that,
[وَشَرَوْهُ]
(And they sold him), is in reference to Yusuf's brothers. They sold Yusuf for
the lowest price, as indicated by Allah's statement next,
[دَرَهِمَ
مَعْدُودَةٍ]
(for a few Dirhams), twenty Dirhams, according to `Abdullah bin Mas`ud.
Similar was said by Ibn `Abbas, Nawf Al-Bikali, As-Suddi, Qatadah and `Atiyah
Al-`Awfi, who added that they divided the Dirhams among themselves, each getting
two Dirhams. Ad-Dahhak commented on Allah's statement,
[وَكَانُواْ فِيهِ
مِنَ الزَهِدِينَ]
(And they were of those who regarded him insignificant.) "Because they had no
knowledge of his prophethood and glorious rank with Allah, the Exalted and Most
Honored.''
[وَقَالَ الَّذِى
اشْتَرَاهُ مِن مِّصْرَ لاِمْرَأَتِهِ أَكْرِمِى مَثْوَاهُ عَسَى أَن يَنفَعَنَآ
أَوْ نَتَّخِذَهُ وَلَدًا وَكَذلِكَ مَكَّنَّا لِيُوسُفَ فِى الاٌّرْضِ
وَلِنُعَلِّمَهُ مِن تَأْوِيلِ الاٌّحَادِيثِ وَاللَّهُ غَالِبٌ عَلَى أَمْرِهِ
وَلَـكِنَّ أَكْثَرَ النَّاسِ لاَ يَعْلَمُونَ - وَلَمَّا بَلَغَ أَشُدَّهُ
آتَيْنَاهُ حُكْمًا وَعِلْمًا وَكَذلِكَ نَجْزِى الْمُحْسِنِينَ ]
(21. And he (the man) from Egypt who bought him, said to his wife: "Make his
stay comfortable, maybe he will profit us or we shall adopt him as a son.'' Thus
did We establish Yusuf in the land, that We might teach him the interpretation
of events. And Allah has full power and control over His affairs, but most of
men know not.) (22. And when he [Yusuf] attained his full manhood, We gave him
wisdom and knowledge (the prophethood), thus We reward the doers of good.)
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