Allah said,
﴿وَيَمُدُّهُمْ فِي طُغْيَـنِهِمْ
يَعْمَهُونَ﴾
(Allah mocks at them and leaves them increasing in their deviation to wander blindly).
As-Suddi reported that Ibn `Abbas, Ibn Mas`ud and several other Companions of the
Messenger of Allah said that,
﴿وَيَمُدُّهُمْ﴾
(and leaves them increasing) means, He gives them respite. Also, Mujahid said, "He
(causes their deviation) to increase.'' Allah said;
﴿أَيَحْسَبُونَ أَنَّمَا نُمِدُّهُمْ
بِهِ مِن مَّالٍ وَبَنِينَ - نُسَارِعُ لَهُمْ فِى الْخَيْرَتِ بَل لاَّ يَشْعُرُونَ
﴾
(Do they think that by the wealth and the children with which We augment them. (That)
We hasten to give them with good things. Nay, but they perceive not.) (23:55-56).
Ibn Jarir commented, "The correct meaning of this Ayah is `We give them increase
from the view of giving them respite and leaving them in their deviation and rebellion.'
Similarly, Allah said,
﴿وَنُقَلِّبُ أَفْئِدَتَهُمْ وَأَبْصَـرَهُمْ
كَمَا لَمْ يُؤْمِنُواْ بِهِ أَوَّلَ مَرَّةٍ وَنَذَرُهُمْ فِى طُغْيَانِهِمْ يَعْمَهُونَ
﴾
(And We shall turn their hearts and their eyes away (from guidance), as they refused
to believe in it the first time, and We shall leave them in their trespass to wander
blindly). '' (6:110).
Tughyan used in this Ayah means to transgress the limits, just as Allah said in
another Ayah,
﴿إِنَّا لَمَّا طَغَا الْمَآءُ حَمَلْنَـكُمْ
فِى الْجَارِيَةِ ﴾
(Verily, when the water Tagha (rose) beyond its limits, We carried you in the ship)
(69:11).
Also, Ibn Jarir said that the term `Amah, in the Ayah means, `deviation'. He also
said about Allah's statement,
﴿فِي طُغْيَـنِهِمْ يَعْمَهُونَ﴾
(in their deviation to wander), "In the misguidance and disbelief that has encompassed
them, causing them to be confused and unable to find a way out of it. This is because
Allah has stamped their hearts, sealed them, and blinded their vision. Therefore,
they do not recognize guidance or find the way out of their deviation.''
﴿أُوْلَـئِكَ الَّذِينَ
اشْتَرَوُاْ الضَّلَـلَةَ بِالْهُدَى فَمَا رَبِحَت تِّجَـرَتُهُمْ وَمَا كَانُواْ
مُهْتَدِينَ ﴾
(16. These are they who have purchased error with guidance, so their commerce was
profitless. And they were not guided.)
In his Tafsir, As-Suddi reported that Ibn `Abbas and Ibn Mas`ud commented on;
﴿أُوْلَـئِكَ الَّذِينَ اشْتَرَوُاْ
الضَّلَـلَةَ بِالْهُدَى﴾
(These are they who have purchased error with guidance) saying it means, "They pursued
misguidance and abandoned guidance. '' Mujahid said, "They believed and then disbelieved,''
while Qatadah said, "They preferred deviation to guidance.'' Qatadah's statement
is similar in meaning to Allah's statement about Thamud,
﴿وَأَمَّا ثَمُودُ فَهَدَيْنَـهُمْ
فَاسْتَحَبُّواْ الْعَمَى عَلَى الْهُدَى﴾
(And as for Thamud, We granted them guidance, but they preferred blindness to guidance)
(41:17).
In summary, the statements that we have mentioned from the scholars of Tafsir indicate
that the hypocrites deviate from the true guidance and prefer misguidance, substituting
wickedness in place of righteousness. This meaning explains Allah's statement,
﴿أُوْلَـئِكَ الَّذِينَ اشْتَرَوُاْ
الضَّلَـلَةَ بِالْهُدَى﴾
(These are they who have purchased error with guidance), meaning, they exchanged
guidance to buy misguidance. This meaning includes those who first believed, then
later disbelieved, whom Allah described,
﴿ذَلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ ءَامَنُواّ ثُمَّ
كَفَرُوا فَطُبِعَ عَلَى قُلُوبِهِمْ﴾
(That is because they believed, and then disbelieved; therefore their hearts are
sealed) (63:3).
The Ayah also includes those who preferred deviation over guidance. The hypocrites
fall into several categories. This is why Allah said,
﴿فَمَا رَبِحَت تِّجَـرَتُهُمْ وَمَا
كَانُواْ مُهْتَدِينَ﴾
(So their commerce was profitless. And they were not guided), meaning their trade
did not succeed nor were they righteous or rightly guided throughout all this. In
addition, Ibn Jarir narrated that Qatadah commented on the Ayah,
﴿فَمَا رَبِحَت تِّجَـرَتُهُمْ وَمَا
كَانُواْ مُهْتَدِينَ﴾
(So their commerce was profitless. And they were not guided), "By Allah! I have
seen them leaving guidance for deviation, leaving the Jama`ah (the community of
the believers) for the sects, leaving safety for fear, and the Sunnah for innovation.''
Ibn Abi Hatim also reported other similar statements.
﴿مَثَلُهُمْ كَمَثَلِ
الَّذِى اسْتَوْقَدَ نَاراً فَلَمَّآ أَضَاءَتْ مَا حَوْلَهُ ذَهَبَ اللَّهُ بِنُورِهِمْ
وَتَرَكَهُمْ فِي ظُلُمَـتٍ لاَّ يُبْصِرُونَ - صُمٌّ بُكْمٌ عُمْىٌ فَهُمْ لاَ يَرْجِعُونَ
﴾
(17. Their likeness is as the likeness of one who kindled a fire; then, when it
illuminated all around him, Allah removed their light and left them in darkness.
(So) they could not see). (18. They are deaf, dumb, and blind, so they return not
(to the right path).)
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