Here Allah refutes those who claim that He has offspring among the angels --
exalted and sanctified be He. Some of the Arabs believed that the angels were
the daughters of Allah, but Allah says:
[سُبْحَانَهُ بَلْ
عِبَادٌ مُّكْرَمُونَ]
(Glory to Him! They are but honored servants.) meaning, the angels are
servants of Allah who are honored by Him and who hold high positions of noble
status. They obey Him to the utmost in all their words and deeds.
[لاَ يَسْبِقُونَهُ
بِالْقَوْلِ وَهُمْ بِأَمْرِهِ يَعْمَلُونَ ]
(They speak not until He has spoken, and they act on His command.) meaning,
they do not initiate any matter before Him or go against His commands; on the
contrary, they hasten to do as He commands, and He encompasses them with His
knowledge so that nothing whatsoever is hidden from Him.
[يَعْلَمُ مَا بَيْنَ
أَيْدِيهِمْ وَمَا خَلْفَهُمْ]
(He knows what is before them, and what is behind them,)
[وَلاَ يَشْفَعُونَ
إِلاَّ لِمَنِ ارْتَضَى]
(and they cannot intercede except for him with whom He is pleased.) This is
like the Ayat:
[مَن ذَا الَّذِى
يَشْفَعُ عِندَهُ إِلاَّ بِإِذْنِهِ]
(Who is he that can intercede with Him except with His permission) [2:255]
[وَلاَ تَنفَعُ
الشَّفَـعَةُ عِندَهُ إِلاَّ لِمَنْ أَذِنَ لَهُ]
(Intercession with Him profits not except for him whom He permits) [34:23].
There are many Ayat which say similar things.
[وَهُمْ مِّنْ
خَشْيَتِهِ]
(And they for fear of Him) means, because they fear Him.
[مُشْفِقُونَوَمَن
يَقُلْ مِنْهُمْ إِنِّى إِلَـهٌ مِّن دُونِهِ]
(And they stand in awe. And if any of them should say: "Verily, I am a god
besides Him,'') meaning, whoever claims to be a god instead of Allah, i.e.,
alongside Allah,
[فَذلِكَ نَجْزِيهِ
جَهَنَّمَ كَذَلِكَ نَجْزِى الظَّـلِمِينَ]
(such We should recompense with Hell. Thus We recompense the wrongdoers.)
meaning, everyone who says this. This is a conditional sentence, and the
condition stated does not necessarily have to take place. This is like the Ayat:
[قُلْ إِن كَانَ
لِلرَّحْمَـنِ وَلَدٌ فَأَنَاْ أَوَّلُ الْعَـبِدِينَ ]
(Say: "If the Most Gracious had a son, then I am the first of worshippers.'')
[43:81]
[لَئِنْ أَشْرَكْتَ
لَيَحْبَطَنَّ عَمَلُكَ وَلَتَكُونَنَّ مِنَ الْخَـسِرِينَ]
(If you join others in worship with Allah, (then) surely, (all) your deeds
will be in vain, and you will certainly be among the losers.) [39:65]
[أَوَلَمْ يَرَ
الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ أَنَّ السَّمَـوَتِ وَالاٌّرْضَ كَانَتَا رَتْقاً
فَفَتَقْنَـهُمَا وَجَعَلْنَا مِنَ الْمَآءِ كُلَّ شَىْءٍ حَىٍّ أَفَلاَ
يُؤْمِنُونَ - وَجَعَلْنَا فِى الاٌّرْضِ رَوَاسِىَ أَن تَمِيدَ بِهِمْ وَجَعَلْنَا
فِيهَا فِجَاجاً سُبُلاً لَّعَلَّهُمْ يَهْتَدُونَ - وَجَعَلْنَا السَّمَآءَ
سَقْفاً مَّحْفُوظاً وَهُمْ عَنْ ءَايَـتِهَا مُعْرِضُونَ - وَهُوَ الَّذِى خَلَقَ
الَّيْلَ وَالنَّهَـرَ وَالشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَ كُلٌّ فِى فَلَكٍ يَسْبَحُونَ
]
(30. Have not those who disbelieve known that the heavens and the earth were
joined together as one united piece, then We parted them And We have made from
water every living thing. Will they not then believe) (31. And We have placed on
the earth firm mountains, lest it should shake with them, and We placed therein
broad highways for them to pass through, that they may be guided.) (32. And We
have made the heaven a roof, safe and well-guarded. Yet they turn away from its
signs). (33. And He it is Who has created the night and the day, and the sun and
the moon, each in an orbit floating.)
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