These are further attributes of the servants of the Most Gracious. They do
not bear witness to falsehood, including lies, immorality, disbelief, foul
speech and false words. `Amr bin Qays said, this refers to gatherings of sexual
immorality. It was said that the Ayah,
[لاَ يَشْهَدُونَ
الزُّورَ]
(And those who do not bear witness to falsehood,) refers to giving false
testimony, which means lying deliberately to someone else. It was recorded in
the Two Sahihs that Abu Bakrah said, "The Messenger of Allah said three times:
«أَلَا أُنَبِّئُكُمْ
بِأَكْبَرِ الْكَبَائِرِ؟»
(Shall I not tell you of the greatest of major sins) We said, "Of course, O
Messenger of Allah.'' The Messenger of Allah said:
«الشِّرْكُ بِاللهِ
وَعُقُوقُ الْوَالِدَيْن»
(Associating others in worship with Allah and disobeying one's parents.) He
was lying down, then he sat up and added:
«أَلَا وَقَوْلُ
الزُّورِ، أَلَا وَشَهَادَةُ الزُّور»
(Beware false speech, and bearing witness to falsehood.) and he kept
repeating it until we thought, would that he would stop.'' From the context it
seems that what is meant by those who do not bear witness to falsehood is those
who do not attend it or are not present when it happens. Allah says:
[وَإِذَا مَرُّواْ
بِاللَّغْوِ مَرُّواْ كِراماً]
(and if they pass by some evil play or evil talk, they pass by it with
dignity.) They do not attend where falsehood occurs, and if it so happens that
they pass by it, they do not let it contaminate them in the slightest. Allah
says:
[مَرُّواْ
كِراماً]
(they pass by it with dignity.)
[وَالَّذِينَ إِذَا
ذُكِّرُواْ بِـَايَـتِ رَبِّهِمْ لَمْ يَخِرُّواْ عَلَيْهَا صُمّاً وَعُمْيَاناً
]
(And those who, when they are reminded of the Ayat of their Lord, fall not
deaf and blind thereat.) This is also a characteristic of the believers,
[الَّذِينَ إِذَا
ذُكِرَ اللَّهُ وَجِلَتْ قُلُوبُهُمْ وَإِذَا تُلِيَتْ عَلَيْهِمْ ءَايَـتُهُ
زَادَتْهُمْ إِيمَـناً وَعَلَى رَبِّهِمْ يَتَوَكَّلُونَ]
(Those who, when Allah is mentioned, feel a fear in their hearts and when His
Ayat are recited unto them, they increase their faith; and they put their trust
in their Lord.) (8:2) Unlike the disbelievers. When they hear the Words of
Allah, they are not affected by them or moved to change their ways. They persist
in their disbelief, wrongdoing, ignorance and misguidance, as Allah says:
[وَإِذَا مَآ
أُنزِلَتْ سُورَةٌ فَمِنْهُمْ مَّن يَقُولُ أَيُّكُمْ زَادَتْهُ هَـذِهِ إِيمَـناً
فَأَمَّا الَّذِينَ ءامَنُواْ فَزَادَتْهُمْ إِيمَـناً وَهُمْ يَسْتَبْشِرُونَ
وَأَمَّا الَّذِينَ فِى قُلُوبِهِم مَّرَضٌ فَزَادَتْهُمْ رِجْسًا إِلَى
رِجْسِهِمْ]
(And whenever there comes down a Surah, some of them say: "Which of you has
had his faith increased by it'' As for those who believe, it has increased their
faith, and they rejoice. But as for those in whose hearts is a disease, it will
add doubt to their doubt) (9:124-125).
[لَمْ يَخِرُّواْ
عَلَيْهَا صُمّاً وَعُمْيَاناً]
(fall not deaf and blind thereat.) means, unlike the disbelievers who, when
they hear the Ayat of Allah, are not moved by them, but continue as they are, as
if they did not hear them but are deaf and blind. His saying:
[وَالَّذِينَ
يَقُولُونَ رَبَّنَا هَبْ لَنَا مِنْ أَزْوَجِنَا وَذُرِّيَّـتِنَا قُرَّةَ
أَعْيُنٍ]
(And those who say: "Our Lord! Bestow on us from our wives and our offspring
the comfort of our eyes...'') means those who ask Allah to bring forth from
their loins offspring who will obey Him and worship Him and not associate
anything in worship with Him. Ibn `Abbas said, "This means (offspring) who will
strive to obey Allah and bring them joy in this world and the Hereafter.'' Imam
Ahmad recorded that Jubayr bin Nufayr said: "We sat with Al-Miqdad bin Al-Aswad
one day, and a man passed by and said, "How blessed are these two eyes which saw
the Messenger of Allah ! Would that we had seen what you saw and witnessed what
you witnessed.'' Al-Miqdad got angry, and I was surprised, because the man had
not said anything but good. Then he turned to him and said, "What makes a man
wish to be present when Allah had caused him to be absent, and he does not know
how he would have behaved if he had been there By Allah, there are people who
saw the Messenger of Allah , and Allah will throw them on their faces in Hell
because they did not accept him or believe in him. Are you not grateful that
Allah brought you forth from your mothers' wombs believing in your Lord and in
what your Prophet brought, and that the test went to others and not to you Allah
sent His Prophet during the most difficult time that any Prophet was ever sent,
after a long period of ignorance, when the people could see no better religion
than the worship of idols, and he brought the Criterion which distinguishes
truth from falsehood and which would separate a father from his son. A man would
realize that his father, son or brother was a disbeliever, and since Allah had
opened his heart to Faith, he knew that if his relative died he would go to
Hell, so he could not rest knowing that his loved one was in the Fire. This is
what Allah referred to in the Ayah,
[وَالَّذِينَ
يَقُولُونَ رَبَّنَا هَبْ لَنَا مِنْ أَزْوَجِنَا وَذُرِّيَّـتِنَا قُرَّةَ
أَعْيُنٍ]
(And those who say: "Our Lord! Bestow on us from our wives and our offspring
the comfort of our eyes...'') Its chain of narrators is Sahih, although they did
not report it.
[وَاجْعَلْنَا
لِلْمُتَّقِينَ إِمَاماً]
(and make us leaders of those who have Taqwa.) Ibn `Abbas, Al-Hasan,
As-Suddi, Qatadah and Rabi` bin Anas said: "Leaders who would be taken as
examples in good.'' Others said: "Guides who would call others to goodness.''
They wanted their worship to be connected to the worship of their children and
offspring, and their guidance to go beyond themselves and benefit others. This
would be more rewarding and a better end, as it was recorded in Sahih Muslim
from Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, that the Messenger of Allah
said:
«إِذَا مَاتَ ابْنُ
آدَمَ انْقَطَعَ عَمَلُهُ إِلَّااِمنْ ثَلَاثٍ: وَلَدٍ صَالِحٍ يَدْعُو لَهُ، أَوْ
عِلْمٍ يُنْتَفَعُ بِهِ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ، أَوْ صَدَقَةٍ جَارِيَة»
(When a son of Adam dies, his deeds cease apart from three: a righteous child
who will pray for him, knowledge from which others may benefit after him, or
ongoing charity.)
[أُوْلَـئِكَ
يُجْزَوْنَ الْغُرْفَةَ بِمَا صَبَرُواْ وَيُلَقَّوْنَ فِيهَا تَحِيَّةً وَسَلَـماً
- خَـلِدِينَ فِيهَا حَسُنَتْ مُسْتَقَرّاً وَمُقَاماً - قُلْ مَا يَعْبَؤُا بِكُمْ
رَبِّى لَوْلاَ دُعَآؤُكُمْ فَقَدْ كَذَّبْتُمْ فَسَوْفَ يَكُونُ لِزَاماً ]
(75. Those will be rewarded with the highest place because of their patience.
Therein they shall be met with greetings and the word of peace and respect.)
(76. Abiding therein -- excellent it is as an abode, and as a place to rest in.)
(77. Say: "My Lord pays attention to you only because of your invocation to Him.
But now you have indeed denied. So the torment will be yours forever.'')
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