Allah said,
﴿فَاعْفُ عَنْهُمْ وَاسْتَغْفِرْ لَهُمْ
وَشَاوِرْهُمْ فِى الاٌّمْرِ﴾
(So pardon them, and ask (Allah's) forgiveness for them; and consult them in the
affairs.)
The Messenger of Allah used to ask his Companions for advice about various matters,
to comfort their hearts, and so they actively implement the decision they reach.
For instance, before the battle of Badr, the Prophet asked his Companions for if
Muslims should intercept the caravan (led by Abu Sufyan). They said, "O Messenger
of Allah! If you wish to cross the sea, we would follow you in it, and if you march
forth to Barkul-Ghimad we would march with you. We would never say what the Children
of Israel said to Musa, `So go, you and your Lord, and fight you two, we are sitting
right here.' Rather, we say march forth and we shall march forth with you; and before
you, and to your right and left shall we fight.'' The Prophet also asked them for
their opinion about where they should set up camp at Badr. Al-Mundhir bin `Amr suggested
to camp close to the enemy, for he wished to acquire martyrdom.
Concerning the battle of Uhud, the Messenger asked the Companions if they should
fortify themselves in Al-Madinah or go out to meet the enemy, and the majority of
them requested that they go out to meet the enemy, and he did. He also took their
advice on the day of Khandaq (the Trench) about conducting a peace treaty with some
of the tribes of Al-Ahzab (the Confederates), in return for giving them one-third
of the fruits of Al-Madinah. However, Sa`d bin `Ubadah and Sa`d bin Mu`adh rejected
this offer and the Prophet went ahead with their advice. The Prophet also asked
them if they should attack the idolators on the Day of Hudaybiyyah, and Abu Bakr
disagreed, saying, "We did not come here to fight anyone. Rather, we came to perform
`Umrah.'' The Prophet agreed.
On the day of Ifk, (i.e. the false accusation), the Messenger of Allah said to them,
"O Muslims! Give me your advice about some men who falsely accused my wife (`A'ishah).
By Allah! I never knew of any evil to come from my wife. And they accused whom They
accused he from whom I only knew righteous conduct, by Allah!'' The Prophet asked
`Ali and Usamah about divorcing `A'ishah. In summary, the Prophet used to take his
Companions' advice for battles and other important events.
Ibn Majah recorded that Abu Hurayrah said that the Prophet said;
«الْمُسْتَشَارُ مُؤْتَمَن»
(The one whom advice is sought from is to be entrusted) tThis was recorded by Abu
Dawud, At-Tirmidhi, and An-Nasa'i who graded it Hasan.
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