Mujahid stated that,
﴿فَمَا اسْتَمْتَعْتُمْ بِهِ مِنْهُنَّ
فَـَاتُوهُنَّ أُجُورَهُنَّ فَرِيضَةً﴾
(So with those among them whom you have enjoyed, give them their required due,)
was revealed about the Mut`ah marriage. A Mut`ah marriage is a marriage that ends
upon a predeterminied date. In the Two Sahihs, it is recorded that the Leader of
the Faithful `Ali bin Abi Talib said, "The Messenger of Allah prohibited Mut`ah
marriage and eating the meat of domesticated donkeys on the day of Khaybar (battle).''
In addition, in his Sahih, Muslim recorded that Ar-Rabi` bin Sabrah bin Ma`bad Al-Juhani
said that his father said that he accompanied the Messenger of Allah during the
conquest of Makkah, and that the Prophet said,
«يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنِّي كُنْتُ
أَذِنْتُ لَكُمْ فِي الاسْتِمْتَاعِ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ، وَإنَّ اللهَ قَدْ حَرَّمَ ذَلِكَ
إِلى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ، فَمَنْ كَانَ عِنَدَهُ مِنْهُنَّ شَيْءٌ فَلْيُخَلِّ سَبِيلَهُ،
وَلَا تَأْخُذُوا مِمَّا آتَيْتُمُوهُنَّ شيئًا»
(O people! I allowed you the Mut`ah marriage with women before. Now, Allah has prohibited
it until the Day of Resurrection. Therefore, anyone who has any women in Mut`ah,
let him let them go, and do not take anything from what you have given them.) Allah's
statement,
﴿وَلاَ جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِيمَا
تَرَاضَيْتُمْ بِهِ مِن بَعْدِ الْفَرِيضَةِ﴾
(but if you agree mutually (to give more) after the requirement (has been determined),
there is no sin on you.) is similar to His other statement,
﴿وَءَاتُواْ النِّسَآءَ صَدُقَـتِهِنَّ
نِحْلَةً﴾
(And give to the women their dowry with a good heart). The meaning of these Ayat
is: If you have stipulated a dowry for her, and she later forfeits it, either totally
or partially, then this bears no harm on you or her in this case. Ibn Jarir said,
"Al-Hadrami said that some men would designate a certain dowry, but then fall into
financial difficulties. Therefore, Allah said that there is no harm on you, O people,
concerning your mutual agreement after the requirement (has been determined).''
meaning, if she gives up part of the dowry, then you men are allowed to accept that.
Allah's statement,
﴿إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ عَلِيماً حَكِيماً﴾
(Surely, Allah is Ever All-Knowing, All-Wise.) is suitable here, after Allah mentioned
these prohibitions.
﴿وَمَن لَّمْ يَسْتَطِعْ
مِنكُمْ طَوْلاً أَن يَنكِحَ الْمُحْصَنَـتِ الْمُؤْمِنَـتِ فَمِنْ مَّا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَـنُكُم
مِّن فَتَيَـتِكُمُ الْمُؤْمِنَـتِ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِإِيمَـنِكُمْ بَعْضُكُمْ مِّن
بَعْضٍ فَانكِحُوهُنَّ بِإِذْنِ أَهْلِهِنَّ وَءَاتُوهُنَّ أُجُورَهُنَّ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ
مُحْصَنَـت غَيْرَ مُسَـفِحَـتٍ وَلاَ مُتَّخِذَاتِ أَخْدَانٍ فَإِذَآ أُحْصِنَّ فَإِنْ
أَتَيْنَ بِفَـحِشَةٍ فَعَلَيْهِنَّ نِصْفُ مَا عَلَى الْمُحْصَنَـتِ مِنَ الْعَذَابِ
ذَلِكَ لِمَنْ خَشِىَ الْعَنَتَ مِنْكُمْ وَأَن تَصْبِرُواْ خَيْرٌ لَّكُمْ وَاللَّهُ
غَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ ﴾
(25. And whoever of you have not the means wherewith to wed free believing women,
they may wed believing girls from among those whom your right hands possess, and
Allah has full knowledge about your faith, you are one from another. Wed them with
the permission of their own folk (guardians) and give them their due in a good manner;
they should be chaste, not fornicators, nor promiscuous. And after they have been
taken in wedlock, if they commit Fahishah, their punishment is half that for free
(unmarried) women. This is for him among you who is afraid of being harmed in his
religion or in his body; but it is better for you that you practice self-restraint,
and Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.)
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