Al-Hasan and Qatadah said, "This Ayah,
﴿أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ يُزَكُّونَ
أَنفُسَهُمْ﴾
(Have you not seen those who claim sanctity for themselves) was revealed about the
Jews and Christians when they said, `We are Allah's children and His loved ones.'''
Ibn Zayd also said, "This Ayah was revealed concerning their statement,
﴿نَحْنُ أَبْنَاءُ اللَّهِ وَأَحِبَّاؤُهُ﴾
(We are the children of Allah and His loved ones) and their statement,
﴿لَن يَدْخُلَ الْجَنَّةَ إِلاَّ مَن
كَانَ هُودًا أَوْ نَصَـرَى﴾
(None shall enter Paradise unless he be a Jew or a Christian).'' This is why Allah
said,
﴿بَلِ اللَّهُ يُزَكِّى مَن يَشَآءُ﴾
(Nay, but Allah sanctifies whom He wills,) meaning, the decision in this matter
is with Allah Alone, because He has perfect knowledge of the true reality and secrets
of all things. Allah then said,
﴿وَلاَ يُظْلَمُونَ فَتِيلاً﴾
(And they will not be dealt with injustice even equal to the extent of a Fatil,
) meaning, He does no injustice with anyone's compensation in any part of his reward,
even if it was the weight of a Fatil. Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid, `Ikrimah, `Ata', Al-Hasan,
Qatadah and others among the Salaf said that Fatil means, "The scalish thread in
the long slit of the date-stone.'' Allah said,
﴿انظُرْ كَيفَ يَفْتَرُونَ عَلَى اللَّهِ
الكَذِبَ﴾
(Look, how they invent a lie against Allah,) claiming purity for themselves, their
claim that they are Allah's children and His loved ones, their statement;
﴿لَن يَدْخُلَ الْجَنَّةَ إِلاَّ مَن
كَانَ هُودًا أَوْ نَصَـرَى﴾
(None shall enter Paradise unless he be a Jew or a Christian) their statement;
﴿لَن تَمَسَّنَا النَّارُ إِلاَ أَيَّامًا
مَّعْدُودَتٍ﴾
(The Fire shall not touch us but for a number of days) and their reliance on the
righteous deeds of their forefathers. Allah has decreed that the good actions of
the fathers do not help the children, when He said,
﴿تِلْكَ أُمَّةٌ قَدْ خَلَتْ لَهَا
مَا كَسَبَتْ وَلَكُم مَّا كَسَبْتُم﴾
(That was a nation who has passed away. They shall receive the reward of what they
earned and you of what you earn). Allah then said,
﴿وَكَفَى بِهِ إِثْماً مُّبِيناً﴾
(and enough is that as a manifest sin. ) meaning, these lies and fabrications of
theirs are sufficent. Allah's statement,
﴿أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ أُوتُواْ
نَصِيباً مِّنَ الْكِتَـبِ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِالْجِبْتِ وَالطَّـغُوتِ﴾
(Have you not seen those who were given a portion of the Scripture They believe
in Jibt and Taghut). Muhammad bin Ishaq said from Hassan bin Fa'id that `Umar bin
Al-Khattab said, "Jibt is sorcery and Taghut is the Shaytan.'' Abu Nasr Isma`il
bin Hammad Al-Jawhari, the renowned scholar, said in his book As-Sihah, "Al-Jibt
means idol, soothsayer and sorcerer.'' Ibn Abi Hatim recorded that Jabir bin `Abdullah
was asked about Taghut, and he said, "They are soothsayers upon whom the devils
descend.'' Mujahid said "Taghut is a devil in the shape of man, and they refer to
him for judgment.'' Imam Malik said, "Taghut is every object that is worshipped
instead of Allah, the Exalted and Most Honored.
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