Allah said,
﴿وَإِن تُصِبْهُمْ حَسَنَةٌ﴾
(And if some good reaches them) meaning, fertile years and provision of fruits,
produce, children, etc., as said by Ibn `Abbas, Abu Al-`Aliyah and As-Suddi.
﴿يَقُولُواْ هَـذِهِ مِنْ عِندِ اللَّهِ
وَإِن تُصِبْهُمْ سَيِّئَةٌ﴾
(they say, "This is from Allah,'' but if some evil befalls them) drought, famine,
shortages of fruits and produce, death that strikes their children or animals, and
so forth, as Abu Al-`Aliyah and As-Suddi stated.
﴿يَقُولُواْ هَـذِهِ مِنْ عِندِكَ﴾
(they say, "This is from you,'') meaning, because of you and because we followed
you and embraced your religion. Allah said about the people of Fir`awn,
﴿فَإِذَا جَآءَتْهُمُ الْحَسَنَةُ
قَالُواْ لَنَا هَـذِهِ وَإِن تُصِبْهُمْ سَيِّئَةٌ يَطَّيَّرُواْ بِمُوسَى وَمَن مَّعَهُ﴾
(But whenever good came to them, they said: "Ours is this.'' And if evil afflicted
them, they ascribed it to evil omens connected with Musa and those with him.) Allah
said,
﴿وَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَن يَعْبُدُ اللَّهَ
عَلَى حَرْفٍ﴾
(And among mankind is he who worships Allah as it were upon the edge (i. e. in doubt)).
The same is the statement uttered by the hypocrites, who embraced Islam outwardly,
but disliked it inwardly. This is why when a calamity befell them, they attributed
it to following the Prophet . Consequently, Allah revealed,
﴿قُلْ كُلٌّ مِّنْ عِندِ اللَّهِ﴾
Say: All things are from Alla0h, Allah's statement that all things are from Him
means, everything occurs by the decision and decree of Allah, and His decision shall
come to pass for both the righteous and the wicked, the faithful and the disbelievers.
Allah then said while addressing His Messenger , but refering to mankind in general,
﴿مَّآ أَصَـبَكَ مِنْ حَسَنَةٍ فَمِنَ
اللَّهِ﴾
(Whatever of good reaches you, is from Allah,) meaning, of Allah's bounty, favor,
kindness and mercy.
﴿وَمَآ أَصَـبَكَ مِن سَيِّئَةٍ فَمِن
نَّفْسِكَ﴾
(But whatever of evil befalls you, is from yourself.), meaning because of you and
due to your actions. Similarly, Allah said,
﴿وَمَآ أَصَـبَكُمْ مِّن مُّصِيبَةٍ
فَبِمَا كَسَبَتْ أَيْدِيكُمْ وَيَعْفُواْ عَن كَثِيرٍ ﴾
(And whatever of misfortune befalls you, it is because of what your hands have earned.
And He pardons much.) As-Suddi, Al-Hasan Al-Basri, Ibn Jurayj and Ibn Zayd said
that,
﴿فَمِن نَّفْسِكَ﴾
(from yourself) means, because of your errors. Qatadah said that,
﴿فَمِن نَّفْسِكَ﴾
(From yourself) means, as punishment for you, O son of Adam, because of your sins.
Allah said,
﴿وَأَرْسَلْنَـكَ لِلنَّاسِ رَسُولاً﴾
(And We have sent you as a Messenger to mankind,) so that you convey to them Allah's
commandments, what He likes and is pleased with, and what He dislikes and refuses.
﴿وَكَفَى بِاللَّهِ شَهِيداً﴾
(and Allah is sufficient as a Witness.) that He has sent you. He is also Witness
over you and them, having full knowledge in what you convey to them and the disbelief
and rebellion with which they respond to the truth.
﴿مَّنْ يُطِعِ الرَّسُولَ
فَقَدْ أَطَاعَ اللَّهَ وَمَن تَوَلَّى فَمَآ أَرْسَلْنَـكَ عَلَيْهِمْ حَفِيظاً -
وَيَقُولُونَ طَاعَةٌ فَإِذَا بَرَزُواْ مِنْ عِندِكَ بَيَّتَ طَآئِفَةٌ مِّنْهُمْ
غَيْرَ الَّذِى تَقُولُ وَاللَّهُ يَكْتُبُ مَا يُبَيِّتُونَ فَأَعْرِضْ عَنْهُمْ وَتَوَكَّلْ
عَلَى اللَّهِ وَكَفَى بِاللَّهِ وَكِيلاً ﴾
(80. He who obeys the Messenger, has indeed obeyed Allah, but he who turns away,
then We have not sent you as a watcher over them.) (81. They say: "We are obedient,''
but when they leave you, a section of them spends all night in planning other than
what you say. But Allah records their nightly (plots). So turn aside from them (do
not punish them), and put your trust in Allah. And Allah is Ever All-Sufficient
as a Disposer of affairs.)
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