Al-Bukhari recorded that Al-Bara' said, "When the Ayah,
﴿لاَّ يَسْتَوِى الْقَـعِدُونَ مِنَ
الْمُؤْمِنِينَ﴾
(Not equal are those of the believers who sit (at home),) was revealed, the Messenger
of Allah called Zayd and commanded him to write it. Then, Ibn Umm Maktum came and
mentioned that he was blind. Allah revealed,
﴿غَيْرُ أُوْلِى الضَّرَرِ﴾
(except those who are disabled (by injury or are blind or lame)).'' Al-Bukhari recorded
that Sahl bin Sa`d As-Sa`di said, "I saw Marwan bin Al-Hakam sitting in the Masjid.
I came and sat by his side. He told us that Zayd bin Thabit told him that Allah's
Messenger dictated this Ayah to him,
﴿لاَّ يَسْتَوِى الْقَـعِدُونَ مِنَ
الْمُؤْمِنِينَ غَيْرُ أُوْلِى الضَّرَرِ وَالْمُجَـهِدُونَ فِى سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ﴾
(Not equal are those of the believers who sit (at home), except those who are disabled,
and those who strive hard and fight in the cause of Allah) Ibn Umm Maktum came to
the Prophet as he was dictating that very Ayah to me. Ibn Umm Maktum said, `O Allah's
Messenger! By Allah, if I had power, I would surely take part in Jihad.' He was
a blind man. So Allah sent down revelation to His Messenger while his thigh was
on mine and it became so heavy for me that I feared that my thigh would be broken.
That ended after Allah revealed,
﴿غَيْرُ أُوْلِى الضَّرَرِ﴾
(except those who are disabled).'' This was recorded by Al-Bukhari. At-Tirmidhi
recorded that Ibn `Abbas said,
﴿لاَّ يَسْتَوِى الْقَـعِدُونَ مِنَ
الْمُؤْمِنِينَ غَيْرُ أُوْلِى الضَّرَرِ﴾
(Not equal are those of the believers who sit (at home), except those who are disabled),
refers to those who did not go to the battle of Badr and those who went to Badr.
When the battle of Badr was about to occur, Abu Ahmad bin Jahsh and Ibn Umm Maktum
said, `We are blind, O Messenger of Allah! Do we have an excuse' The Ayah,
﴿لاَّ يَسْتَوِى الْقَـعِدُونَ مِنَ
الْمُؤْمِنِينَ غَيْرُ أُوْلِى الضَّرَرِ﴾
(Not equal are those of the believers who sit (at home), except those who are disabled)
was revealed. Allah made those who fight, above those who sit in their homes not
hindered by disability.
﴿وَفَضَّلَ اللَّهُ الْمُجَـهِدِينَ
عَلَى الْقَـعِدِينَ أَجْراً عَظِيماًدَرَجَـتٍ مِّنْهُ﴾
(but Allah has preferred those who strive hard and fight, above those who sit (at
home), by a huge reward. Degrees of (higher) grades from Him), above the believers
who sit at home without a disability hindering them.'' This is the wording recorded
by At-Tirmidhi, who said, "Hasan Gharib. Allah's statement,
﴿لاَّ يَسْتَوِى الْقَـعِدُونَ مِنَ
الْمُؤْمِنِينَ﴾
(Not equal are those of the believers who sit (at home),) this is general. Soon
after, the revelation came down with,
﴿غَيْرُ أُوْلِى الضَّرَرِ﴾
(except those who are disabled). So whoever has a disability, such as blindness,
a limp, or an illness that prevents them from joining Jihad, they were not compared
to the Mujahidin who strive in Allah's cause with their selves and wealth, as those
who are not disabled and did not join the Jihad were. In his Sahih, Al-Bukhari recorded
that Anas said that the Messenger of Allah said,
«إِنَّ بِالْمَدِينَةِ أَقْوَامًا
مَا سِرْتُمْ مِنْ مَسِيرٍ، وَلَا قَطَعْتُمْ مِنْ وَادٍ، إِلَّا وَهُمْ مَعَكُمْ فِيه»
قالوا: وهم بالمدينة يا رسول الله؟ (There are people who remained in Al-Madinah,
who were with you in every march you marched and every valley you crossed.) They
said, "While they are still in Al-Madinah, O Messenger of Allah'' He said,
«نَعَمْ حَبَسَهُمُ الْعُذْر»
(Yes. Only their disability hindered them (from joining you).) Allah said,
﴿وَكُلاًّ وَعَدَ اللَّهُ الْحُسْنَى﴾
(Unto each, Allah has promised good) meaning, Paradise and tremendous rewards. This
Ayah indicates that Jihad is not Fard on each and every individual, but it is Fard
Kifayah (which is a collective duty). Allah then said,
﴿وَفَضَّلَ اللَّهُ الْمُجَـهِدِينَ
عَلَى الْقَـعِدِينَ أَجْراً عَظِيماً﴾
(but Allah has preferred those who strive hard and fight, above those who sit (at
home), by a huge reward). Allah mentions what He has given them rooms in Paradise,
along with His forgiveness and the descent of mercy and blessing on them, as a favor
and honor from Him. So He said;
﴿دَرَجَـتٍ مِّنْهُ وَمَغْفِرَةً وَرَحْمَةً
وَكَانَ اللَّهُ غَفُوراً رَّحِيماً ﴾
(Degrees of (higher) grades from Him, and forgiveness and mercy. And Allah is Ever
Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.). In the Two Sahihs, it is recorded that Abu Sa`id
Al-Khudri said that the Messenger of Allah said,
«إِنَّ فِي الْجَنَّةِ مِائَةَ دَرَجَةٍ،
أَعَدَّهَا اللهُ لِلْمُجَاهِدِينَ فِي سَبِيلِهِ، مَا بَيْنَ كُلِّ دَرَجَتَيْنِ كَمَا
بَيْنَ السَّمَاءِ وَالْأَرْض»
(There are a hundred grades in Paradise that Allah has prepared for the Mujahidin
in His cause, between each two grades is the distance between heaven and Earth.)
﴿إِنَّ الَّذِينَ
تَوَفَّـهُمُ الْمَلَـئِكَةُ ظَـلِمِى أَنفُسِهِمْ قَالُواْ فِيمَ كُنتُمْ قَالُواْ
كُنَّا مُسْتَضْعَفِينَ فِى الاٌّرْضِ قَالْواْ أَلَمْ تَكُنْ أَرْضُ اللَّهِ وَسِعَةً
فَتُهَـجِرُواْ فِيهَا فَأُوْلَـئِكَ مَأْوَاهُمْ جَهَنَّمُ وَسَآءَتْ مَصِيراً - إِلاَّ
الْمُسْتَضْعَفِينَ مِنَ الرِّجَالِ وَالنِّسَآءِ وَالْوِلْدَنِ لاَ يَسْتَطِيعُونَ
حِيلَةً وَلاَ يَهْتَدُونَ سَبِيلاً - فَأُوْلَـئِكَ عَسَى اللَّهُ أَن يَعْفُوَ عَنْهُمْ
وَكَانَ اللَّهُ عَفُوّاً غَفُوراً - وَمَن يُهَاجِرْ فِى سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ يَجِدْ فِى
الاٌّرْضِ مُرَاغَماً كَثِيراً وَسَعَةً وَمَن يَخْرُجْ مِن بَيْتِهِ مُهَـجِراً إِلَى
اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ ثُمَّ يُدْرِكْهُ الْمَوْتُ فَقَدْ وَقَعَ أَجْرُهُ عَلىَ اللَّهِ
وَكَانَ اللَّهُ غَفُوراً رَّحِيماً ﴾
(97. Verily, as for those whom the angels take (in death) while they are wronging
themselves, they (angels) say (to them): "In what (condition) were you'' They reply:
"We were weak and oppressed on the earth.'' They (angels) say: "Was not the earth
of Allah spacious enough for you to emigrate therein'' Such men will find their
abode in Hell - what an evil destination!) (98. Except the weak ones among men,
women and children who cannot devise a plan, nor are they able to direct their way.)
(99. These are they whom Allah is likely to forgive them, and Allah is Ever Oft-Pardoning,
Oft-Forgiving.) (100. He who emigrates in the cause of Allah, will find on earth
many dwelling places and plenty to live by. And whosoever leaves his home as an
emigrant unto Allah and His Messenger, and death overtakes him, his reward is then
surely incumbent upon Allah. And Allah is Ever Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.)
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