`Ali bin Abi Talhah said that Ibn `Abbas commented on the Ayah,
﴿لاَّ يُحِبُّ اللَّهُ الْجَهْرَ بِالسُّوءِ
مِنَ الْقَوْلِ﴾
(Allah does not like that the evil should be uttered in public) "Allah does not
like that any one should invoke Him against anyone else, unless one was wronged.
In this case, Allah allows one to invoke Him against whoever wronged him. Hence
Allah's statement,
﴿إَلاَّ مَن ظَلَمَ﴾
(except by him who has been wronged.) Yet, it is better for one if he observes patience.''
Al-Hasan Al-Basri commented, "One should not invoke Allah (for curses) against whoever
wronged him. Rather, he should supplicate, `O Allah! Help me against him and take
my right from him.''' In another narration, Al-Hasan said, "Allah has allowed one
to invoke Him against whoever wronged him without transgressing the limits.'' `Abdul-Karim
bin Malik Al-Jazari said about this Ayah; "When a man curses you, you could curse
him in retaliation. But if he lies about you, you may not lie about him.
﴿وَلَمَنِ انتَصَرَ بَعْدَ ظُلْمِهِ
فَأُوْلَـئِكَ مَا عَلَيْهِمْ مِّن سَبِيلٍ ﴾
(And indeed whosoever takes revenge after he has suffered wrong, for such there
is no way (of blame) against them. )'' Abu Dawud recorded that Abu Hurayrah said
that the Messenger of Allah said,
«المُسْتَبَّانِ مَا قَالَا، فَعَلَى
الْبَادِئ مِنْهُمَا مَا لَمْ يَعْتَدِ الْمَظْلُوم»
(Whatever words are uttered by those who curse each other, then he who started it
will carry the burden thereof, unless the one who was wronged transgresses the limit.)
Allah said,
﴿إِن تُبْدُواْ خَيْراً أَوْ تُخْفُوهْ
أَوْ تَعْفُواْ عَن سُوءٍ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ عَفُوّاً قَدِيراً ﴾
(Whether you disclose a good deed, or conceal it, or pardon an evil; verily, Allah
is Ever Pardoning, All-Powerful.) Meaning when you, mankind, admit to a good favor
done to you, or conceal it, and forgive those who wrong you, then this will bring
you closer to Allah and increase your reward with Him. Among Allah's attributes
is that He forgives and pardons His servants, although He is able to punish them.
Hence Allah's statement,
﴿فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ عَفُوّاً قَدِيراً﴾
(Verily, Allah is Ever Pardoning, All-Powerful.) It was reported that some of the
angels who carry Allah's Throne praise Him saying, "All praise is due to You for
Your forbearing even though You have perfect knowledge (in all evil committed).''
Some of them supplicate, "All praise is due to You for Your forgiving even though
You have perfect ability (to punish).'' An authentic Hadith states,
«مَا نَقَصَ مَالٌ مِنْ صَدَقَةٍ،
وَلَا زَادَ اللهُ عَبْدًا بِعَفْوٍ إِلَّا عِزًّا، وَمَنْ تَوَاضَعَ للهِ رَفَعَهُ
الله»
(No charity shall ever decrease wealth, and Allah will only increase the honor of
a servant who pardons, and he who is humble for Allah's sake, then Allah will elevate
his grade.)
﴿إِنَّ الَّذِينَ
يَكْفُرُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَرُسُلِهِ وَيُرِيدُونَ أَن يُفَرِّقُواْ بَيْنَ اللَّهِ وَرُسُلِهِ
وَيقُولُونَ نُؤْمِنُ بِبَعْضٍ وَنَكْفُرُ بِبَعْضٍ وَيُرِيدُونَ أَن يَتَّخِذُواْ
بَيْنَ ذَلِكَ سَبِيلاً - أُوْلَـئِكَ هُمُ الْكَـفِرُونَ حَقّاً وَأَعْتَدْنَا لِلْكَـفِرِينَ
عَذَاباً مُّهِيناً - وَالَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ بِاللَّهِ وَرُسُلِهِ وَلَمْ يُفَرِّقُواْ
بَيْنَ أَحَدٍ مِّنْهُمْ أُوْلَـئِكَ سَوْفَ يُؤْتِيهِمْ أُجُورَهُمْ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ
غَفُوراً رَّحِيماً ﴾
(150. Verily, those who disbelieve in Allah and His Messengers and wish to make
distinction between Allah and His Messengers saying, "We believe in some but reject
others,'' and wish to adopt a way in between.) (151. They are in truth disbelievers.
And We have prepared for the disbelievers a humiliating torment.) (152. And those
who believe in Allah and His Messengers and make no distinction between any of them
(Messengers), We shall give them their rewards; and Allah is Ever Forgiving, Most
Merciful.)
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