Allah consoles His Prophet Muhammad for the disbelief of his people and gives
him the glad tidings of good consequences and victory in this world and the
Hereafter, as happened to Musa bin `Imran, peace be upon him, whom Allah sent
with clear proof and definitive evidence. Allah says:
[بِـَايَـتِنَا
وَسُلْطَانٍ مُّبِينٍ]
(with Our Ayat, and a manifest authority). Authority means proof and
evidence.
[إِلَى
فِرْعَوْنَ]
(to Fir`awn), who was the king of the Copts of Egypt.
[وَهَـمَـنَ]
(Haman) who was his adviser.
[وَقَـشرُونَ]
(and Qarun) who was the richest trader among the people of his time.
[فَقَالُواْ سَـحِرٌ
كَـذَّابٌ]
(but they called (him): "A sorcerer, liar!'') means, they rejected him and
thought he was a sorcerer, a madman and an illusionist who was telling lies
about having been sent by Allah. This is like the Ayah:
[كَذَلِكَ مَآ أَتَى
الَّذِينَ مِن قَبْلِهِمْ مِّن رَّسُولٍ إِلاَّ قَالُواْ سَـحِرٌ أَوْ مَجْنُونٌ -
أَتَوَاصَوْاْ بِهِ بَلْ هُمْ قَوْمٌ طَـغُونَ ]
(Likewise, no Messenger came to those before them but they said: "A sorcerer
or a madman!'' Have they transmitted this saying to these Nay, they are
themselves a people transgressing beyond bounds!) (51:52-53)
[فَلَمَّا جَآءَهُمْ
بِالْحَقِّ مِنْ عِندِنَا]
(Then, when he brought them the Truth from Us,) means, with definite evidence
that Allah had sent him to them,
[قَالُواْ اقْتُلُواْ
أَبْنَآءَ الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ مَعَهُ وَاسْتَحْيُواْ نِسَآءَهُمْ]
(they said: "Kill with him the sons of those who believe and let their women
live;) This was a second command from Fir`awn to kill the males of the Children
of Israel. The first command had been as a precaution against the emergence of a
man like Musa, or an act intended to humiliate this people or reduce their
numbers or both. The second command was for the second reason, to humiliate the
people so that they would regard Musa as a bad omen. they said:
[أُوذِينَا مِن
قَبْلِ أَن تَأْتِيَنَا وَمِن بَعْدِ مَا جِئْتَنَا قَالَ عَسَى رَبُّكُمْ أَن
يُهْلِكَ عَدُوَّكُمْ وَيَسْتَخْلِفَكُمْ فِى الاٌّرْضِ فَيَنظُرَ كَيْفَ
تَعْمَلُونَ]
("We (Children of Israel) had suffered troubles before you came to us, and
since you have come to us.'' He said: "It may be that your Lord will destroy
your enemy and make you successors on the earth, so that He may see how you
act'') (7:129). Qatadah said, this was one command after another.
[وَمَا كَـيْدُ
الْكَـفِرِينَ إِلاَّ فِى ضَلَـلٍ]
(but the plots of disbelievers are nothing but in vain!) means, their schemes
and intentions -- to reduce the numbers of the Children of Israel lest they
prevail over them -- were doomed to failure.
[وَقَالَ فِرْعَوْنُ
ذَرُونِى أَقْتُلْ مُوسَى وَلْيَدْعُ رَبَّهُ]
(Fir`awn said: "Leave me to kill Musa, and let him call his Lord!...'')
Fir`awn, may Allah curse him, resolved to kill Musa, peace be upon him, i.e., he
said to his people, `let me kill him for you.'
[وَلْيَدْعُ
رَبَّهُ]
(and let him call his Lord!) means, `I do not care.' This is the utmost in
offensive stubbornness.
[إِنِّى أَخَافُ أَن
يُبَدِّلَ دِينَكُـمْ أَوْ أَن يُظْهِرَ فِى الاٌّرْضِ الْفَسَادَ]
(I fear that he may change your religion, or that he may cause mischief to
appear in the land!) means, Musa; Fir`awn was afraid that Musa would lead his
people astray and change their ways and customs. As if Fir`awn would be
concerned about what Musa might do to his people! The majority understood this
as meaning, `he will change your religion and cause mischief to appear in the
land.'
[وَقَالَ مُوسَى
إِنِّى عُذْتُ بِرَبِّى وَرَبِّكُـمْ مِّن كُلِّ مُتَكَبِّرٍ لاَّ يُؤْمِنُ
بِيَوْمِ الْحِسَابِ ]
(Musa said: "Verily, I seek refuge in my Lord and your Lord from every
arrogant who believes not in the Day of Reckoning!'') means, when he heard that
Fir`awn had said,
[ذَرُونِى أَقْتُلْ
مُوسَى]
(Leave me to kill Musa,) Musa, peace be upon him, said, "I seek refuge and
protection with Allah from his evil and the evil of those like him.'' So he
said:
[إِنِّى عُذْتُ
بِرَبِّى وَرَبِّكُـمْ]
(Verily, I seek refuge in my Lord and your Lord) -- those who were being
addressed here --
[مِّن كُلِّ
مُتَكَبِّرٍ]
(from every arrogant) means, from every evildoer,
[لاَّ يُؤْمِنُ
بِيَوْمِ الْحِسَابِ]
(who believes not in the Day of Reckoning!) It was reported in the Hadith
narrated from Abu Musa, may Allah be pleased with him, that when the Messenger
of Allah was afraid of some people, he would say:
«اللْهُمَّ إِنَّا
نَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ شُرُورِهِمْ، وَنَدْرَأُ بِكَ فِي نُحُورِهِم»
(O Allah, we seek refuge in You from their evil and we seek Your help in
repulsing them.)
[وَقَالَ رَجُلٌ
مُّؤْمِنٌ مِّنْ ءَالِ فِرْعَوْنَ يَكْتُمُ إِيمَـنَهُ أَتَقْتُلُونَ رَجُلاً أَن
يَقُولَ رَبِّىَ اللَّهُ وَقَدْ جَآءَكُمْ بِالْبَيِّنَـتِ مِن رَّبِّكُمْ وَإِن
يَكُ كَـذِباً فَعَلَيْهِ كَذِبُهُ وَإِن يَكُ صَـدِقاً يُصِبْكُمْ بَعْضُ الَّذِى
يَعِدُكُمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لاَ يَهْدِى مَنْ هُوَ مُسْرِفٌ كَذَّابٌ - يقَومِ لَكُمُ
الْمُلْكُ الْيَوْمَ ظَـهِرِينَ فِى الاٌّرْضِ فَمَن يَنصُرُنَا مِن بَأْسِ اللَّهِ
إِن جَآءَنَا قَالَ فِرْعَوْنُ مَآ أُرِيكُمْ إِلاَّ مَآ أَرَى وَمَآ أَهْدِيكُمْ
إِلاَّ سَبِيلَ الرَّشَادِ ]
(28. And a believing man of Fir`awn's family, who hid his Faith said: "Would
you kill a man because he says: `My Lord is Allah,' and he has come to you with
clear signs from your Lord And if he is a liar, upon him will be (the sin of)
his lie; but if he is telling the truth, then some of that (calamity) wherewith
he threatens you will befall on you.'' Verily, Allah guides not one who is a
transgressor, a liar!) (29. "O my people! Yours is the kingdom today, you being
dominant in the land. But who will save us from the torment of Allah, should it
befall us'' Fir`awn said: "I show you only that which I see, and I guide you
only to the path of right policy!'')
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