Allah mentions that the believers were hoping that Jihad would be legislated.
But when Allah ordained it, many of the people turned back, as Allah says,
[أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى
الَّذِينَ قِيلَ لَهُمْ كُفُّواْ أَيْدِيَكُمْ وَأَقِيمُواْ الصَّلَوةَ وَءَاتُواْ
الزَّكَوةَ فَلَمَّا كُتِبَ عَلَيْهِمُ الْقِتَالُ إِذَا فَرِيقٌ مِّنْهُمْ
يَخْشَوْنَ النَّاسَ كَخَشْيَةِ اللَّهِ أَوْ أَشَدَّ خَشْيَةً وَقَالُواْ رَبَّنَا
لِمَ كَتَبْتَ عَلَيْنَا الْقِتَالَ لَوْلا أَخَّرْتَنَا إِلَى أَجَلٍ قَرِيبٍ قُلْ
مَتَـعُ الدُّنْيَا قَلِيلٌ وَالاٌّخِرَةُ خَيْرٌ لِّمَنِ اتَّقَى وَلاَ
تُظْلَمُونَ فَتِيلاً ]
(Have you not seen those who were told: "Restrain your hands (from fighting),
establish the Salah, and give Zakah.'' But then when fighting was ordained for
them, you find a party of them fearing the people as they fear Allah or more.
They said: "Our Lord! Why have You decreed fighting upon us If only You have
postponed us for a short period.'' Say: "The enjoyment of this world is little.
The Hereafter is far better for him who had Taqwa of (Allah), and you will not
be dealt with unjustly, even as much as a thin thread (inside a date's
pit).'')(4:77) Similarly, Allah says here,
[وَيَقُولُ الَّذِينَ
ءَامَنُواْ لَوْلاَ نُزِّلَتْ سُورَةٌ]
(Those who believe say: "Why is not a Surah sent down (for us)'') means, a
Surah containing an order to fight. Then He says,
[فَإِذَآ أُنزِلَتْ
سُورَةٌ مُّحْكَمَةٌ وَذُكِرَ فِيهَا الْقِتَالُ رَأَيْتَ الَّذِينَ فِى
قُلُوبِهِمْ مَّرَضٌ يَنظُرُونَ إِلَيْكَ نَظَرَ الْمَغْشِىِّ عَلَيْهِ مِنَ
الْمَوْتِ]
(But now that a decisive Surah is sent down mentioning fighting, you can see
those in whose hearts is disease looking at you with the look of one who is
about to faint for fear of death.) meaning, due to their fear, terror, and
cowardice concerning meeting the enemies. Allah then encourages them by saying,
[فَأَوْلَى
لَهُمْطَاعَةٌ وَقَوْلٌ مَّعْرُوفٌ]
(But it was better for them, obedience and good words.) which means that it
would have been better for them to listen and obey in that present situation.
[فَإِذَا عَزَمَ
الاٌّمْرُ]
(When the matter (of fighting) is resolved.) which means when the situation
becomes serious and the time of fighting truly arrives.
[فَلَوْ صَدَقُواْ
اللَّهَ]
(if they had been true to Allah,) meaning, by making their intentions
sincerely for Him.
[لَكَانَ خَيْراً
لَّهُمْ]
(it would have been better for them) Allah then says,
[فَهَلْ عَسَيْتُمْ
إِن تَوَلَّيْتُمْ]
(So would you perhaps, if you turned away) meaning, from Jihad and you
withdrew from it.
[أَن تُفْسِدُواْ فِى
الاٌّرْضِ وَتُقَطِّعُواْ أَرْحَامَكُمْ]
(spread corruption on earth, and sever your ties of kinship) which means,
would you then go back to your old practices of the time of ignorance: shedding
blood and severing kinship ties Allah then says,
[أَوْلَـئِكَ
الَّذِينَ لَعَنَهُمُ اللَّهُ فَأَصَمَّهُمْ وَأَعْمَى أَبْصَـرَهُمْ ]
(Such are the ones whom Allah has cursed, so He has made them deaf and
blinded their vision.) This involves a general prohibition of spreading
corruption on earth, and a specific prohibition of severing the ties of kinship.
In fact, Allah has commanded the people to establish righteousness on earth, as
well as to join the ties of kinship by treating the relatives well in speech,
actions, and spending wealth in charity. Many authentic and sound Hadiths have
been reported through numerous routes of transmission from Allah's Messenger in
this regard. Al-Bukhari recorded from Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with
him, that Allah's Messenger said,
«خَلَقَ اللهُ
تَعَالَى الْخَلْقَ فَلَمَّا فَرَغَ مِنْهُ قَامَتِ الرَّحِمُ فَأَخَذَتْ بِحَقْوِ
الرَّحْمنِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ فَقَالَ: مَهْ، فَقَالَتْ: هذَا مَقَامُ الْعَائِذِ بِكَ
مِنَ الْقَطِيعَةِ، فَقَالَ تَعَالَى: أَلَا تَرْضَيْنَ أَنْ أَصِلَ مَنْ وَصَلَكِ
وَأَقْطَعَ مَنْ قَطَعَكِ؟ قَالَتْ: بَلَى، قَالَ: فَذَاكِ لَك»
(After Allah completed creating the creation, the womb stood up and pulled at
the lower garment of the Most Merciful. He said, 'Stop that!' It replied, 'My
stand here is the stand of one seeking refuge in you from severance of ties.'
Allah said, 'Would it not please you that I join whoever joins you and sever
whoever severs you' It replied, 'Yes indeed!' He said, 'You are granted that!')
Abu Hurayrah then added, "Read if you wish:
[فَهَلْ عَسَيْتُمْ
إِن تَوَلَّيْتُمْ أَن تُفْسِدُواْ فِى الاٌّرْضِ وَتُقَطِّعُواْ أَرْحَامَكُمْ
]
(So would you perhaps, if you turned away, spread corruption on earth, and
sever your ties of kinship)'' Then Al-Bukhari recorded it with another wording
which states that the Messenger of Allah said,
«اقْرَءُوا إِنْ
شِئْتُمْ
[فَهَلْ عَسَيْتُمْ
إِن تَوَلَّيْتُمْ أَن تُفْسِدُواْ فِى الاٌّرْضِ وَتُقَطِّعُواْ أَرْحَامَكُمْ
]»
(Read if you wish: (So would you perhaps, if you turned away, spread
corruption on earth, and sever your ties of kinship)) Muslim also recorded it.
Imam Ahmad recorded from Abu Bakrah, may Allah be pleased with him, that Allah's
Messenger said:
«مَا مِنْ ذَنْبٍ
أَحْرَى أَنْ يُعَجِّلَ اللهُ تَعَالَى عُقُوبَتَهُ فِي الدُّنْيَا، مَعَ مَا
يَدَّخِرُ لِصَاحِبِهِ فِي الْاخِرَةِ، مِنَ الْبَغْيِ وَقَطِيعَةِ
الرَّحِم»
(No sin deserves that Allah hasten its punishment in the worldly life, in
addition to what He reserves in the Hereafter for those who commit it, more than
injustice and severance of the ties of kinship.) This was also recorded by Abu
Dawud, At-Tirmidhi, and Ibn Majah. At-Tirmidhi said, "This Hadith is Sahih.''
Imam Ahmad recorded from Thawban, may Allah be pleased with him, that Allah's
Messenger said,
«مَنْ سَرَّهُ
النَّسَاءُ فِي الْأَجَلِ وَالزِّيَادَةُ فِي الرِّزْقِ،فَلْيَصِلْ رَحِمَه»
(Whoever likes for his life to be extended, and his provision increased, let
him connect his ties of kinship.) Ahmad was alone in recording this narration,
but it has a supporting narration in the Sahih. Imam Ahmad recorded from
`Abdullah bin `Amr, may Allah be pleased with him, that Allah's Messenger said,
«إِنَّ الرَّحِمَ
مُعَلَّقَةٌ بِالْعَرْشِ، وَلَيْسَ الْوَاصِلُ بِالْمُكَافِىءِ، وَلكِنِ الْوَاصِلُ
الَّذِي إِذَا قُطِعَتْ رَحِمُهُ وَصَلَهَا»
(Verily, the womb is attached to the Throne. And connecting its ties does not
mean dealing evenly (with the kinsfolk), but it rather means that if one's
kinsfolk sever the ties, he connects them.) This Hadith was also recorded by
Al-Bukhari. Ahmad also recorded from `Abdullah bin `Amr, may Allah be pleased
with him, that Allah's Messenger said,
«تُوضَعُ الرَّحِمُ
يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ لَهَا (حُجْنَةٌ كَحُجْنَةِ) الْمِغْزَلِ تَكَلَّمُ بِلِسَانٍ
طَلِقٍ ذَلِقٍ، فَتَقْطَعُ مَنْ قَطَعَهَا وَتَصِلُ مَنْ وَصَلَهَا»
(The womb will be placed on the Day of Resurrection, curved like a spinning
wheel, speaking with an eloquent fluent tongue, calling to severing whoever had
severed it, and joining whoever had joined it.) Imam Ahmad recorded from
`Abdullah bin `Amr, may Allah be pleased with him, that Allah's Messenger said,
«الرَّاحِمُونَ
يَرْحَمُهُمُ الرَّحْمنُ، ارْحَمُوا أَهْلَ الْأَرْضِ يَرْحَمْكُمْ أَهْلُ
السَّمَاءِ، وَالرَّحِمُ شُجْنَةٌ مِنَ الرَّحْمنِ، مَنْ وَصَلَهَا وَصَلَتْهُ
وَمَنْ قَطَعَهَا بَتَّتْه»
(The merciful ones will be granted mercy from the Most Merciful. Have mercy
on those on earth -- the One above the heavens will then have mercy on you. And
Ar-Rahim (the womb) is from Ar-Rahman, so whoever joins it, it joins him; and
whoever severs it, it severs him.) Abu Dawud and At-Tirmidhi both recorded this
Hadith and it has been reported with continuous chains of transmission.
At-Trimidhi said, "Hasan Sahih.'' There are numerous other Hadiths in this
regard.
[أَفَلاَ
يَتَدَبَّرُونَ الْقُرْءَانَ أَمْ عَلَى قُلُوبٍ أَقْفَالُهَآ - إِنَّ الَّذِينَ
ارْتَدُّواْ عَلَى أَدْبَـرِهِمْ مِّن بَعْدِ مَا تَبَيَّنَ لَهُمُ الْهُدَى
الشَّيْطَـنُ سَوَّلَ لَهُمْ وَأَمْلَى لَهُمْ - ذَلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ قَالُواْ
لِلَّذِينَ كَرِهُواْ مَا نَزَّلَ اللَّهُ سَنُطِيعُكُمْ فِى بَعْضِ الاٌّمْرِ
وَاللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ إِسْرَارَهُمْ - فَكَيْفَ إِذَا تَوَفَّتْهُمُ الْمَلَـئِكَةُ
يَضْرِبُونَ وُجُوهَهُمْ وَأَدْبَـرَهُمْ - ذَلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمُ اتَّبَعُواْ مَآ
أَسْخَطَ اللَّهَ وَكَرِهُواْ رِضْوَانَهُ فَأَحْبَطَ أَعْمَـلَهُمْ ]
(24. Will they not then reflect upon the Qur'an, or are there locks upon
their hearts) (25. Verily, those who have turned back as disbelievers after
guidance had become clear to them -- Shaytan has enticed them and filled them
with false hopes.) (26. That is because they said to those who hate what Allah
has sent down: "We will obey you in part of the matter.'' And Allah knows their
secrets.) (27. Then how (will it be) when the angels will take their souls at
death, striking their faces and their backs) (28. That is because they followed
that which angered Allah and hated what earns His pleasure, so He rendered their
deeds worthless.)
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