Allah then informs about those who disbelieve, obstruct others from the path
of Allah, oppose the Messenger and contend with him, and revert from the faith
after guidance has become clear to them. He indicates that those people can
never harm Allah in the least, and rather they only harm themselves and become
losers on the Day of Resurrection. He will nullify their deeds. Allah will not
reward them even the weight of a mosquito (i.e., the smallest thing) for any
good that they did before their apostasy, but would instead totally invalidate
and destroy it. Their apostasy wipes away their good deeds entirely, just as the
good deeds would normally wipe away the evil deeds. Imam Ahmad Ibn Nasr
Al-Marwazi reported in Kitab As-Salah (the Book of Prayer) that Abu Al-`Aliyah
said, "The Prophet's Companions used to think that no sin would harm a person
who says `La ilaha illallah,' just as no good deed would benefit a person who
joins partners with Allah. So Allah revealed,
[أَطِيعُواْ اللَّهَ
وَأَطِيعُواْ الرَّسُولَ وَلاَ تُبْطِلُواْ أَعْمَـلَكُمْ]
(Obey Allah and obey the Messenger and do not invalidate your deeds.) This
made them fear that some sins could nullify their deeds.'' It has also been
reported from Ibn `Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, that he said, "We, the
Companions of Allah's Messenger , used to think that good deeds would all be
accepted, until Allah revealed,
[أَطِيعُواْ اللَّهَ
وَأَطِيعُواْ الرَّسُولَ وَلاَ تُبْطِلُواْ أَعْمَـلَكُمْ]
(Obey Allah and obey the Messenger and do not invalidate your deeds. ) So we
asked each other: `What is it that can nullify our deeds' So we said, `The major
sins, great offenses that require admission into the Fire and immoral sins.' But
then Allah revealed,
[إِنَّ اللَّهَ لاَ
يَغْفِرُ أَن يُشْرَكَ بِهِ وَيَغْفِرُ مَا دُونَ ذَلِكَ لِمَن يَشَآءُ]
(Verily, Allah does not forgive joining partners with Him in worship, but He
forgives except that to whom He wills.) (4:48) After this was revealed, we
ceased saying that. We thereafter continued to fear for those who committed
great sins and immoral sins and to have hope for those who did not.'' Then,
Allah commands His believing servants to obey Him and His Messenger , which
would result in their happiness in this worldly life and the Hereafter. He also
prohibits them from apostasy, because that would result in the nullification of
their deeds. Thus He says,
[وَلاَ تُبْطِلُواْ
أَعْمَـلَكُمْ]
(and do not invalidate your deeds.) meaning, by apostasy. Thus, Allah says
after this,
[إِنَّ الَّذِينَ
كَفَرُواْ وَصَدُّواْ عَن سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ ثُمَّ مَاتُواْ وَهُمْ كُفَّارٌ فَلَن
يَغْفِرَ اللَّهُ لَهُمْ ]
(Verily, those who disbelieved and obstructed others from the path of Allah
and then died as disbelievers -- never will Allah forgive them.) This is similar
to His saying,
[إِنَّ اللَّهَ لاَ
يَغْفِرُ أَن يُشْرَكَ بِهِ وَيَغْفِرُ مَا دُونَ ذَلِكَ لِمَن يَشَآءُ]
(Verily, Allah does not forgive joining partners with Him in worship, but He
forgives except that to whom He wills.) (4:48) Allah then addresses His
believing servants by saying,
[فَلاَ
تَهِنُواْ]
(So do not lose heart) meaning, do not be weak concerning the enemies.
[وَتَدْعُواْ إِلَى
السَّلْمِ]
(and beg for peace) meaning, compromise, peace, and ending the fighting
between you and the disbelievers while you are in a position of power, both in
great numbers and preparations. Thus, Allah says,
[فَلاَ تَهِنُواْ
وَتَدْعُواْ إِلَى السَّلْمِ وَأَنتُمُ الاٌّعْلَوْنَ]
(So do not lose heart and beg for peace while you are superior.) meaning, in
the condition of your superiority over your enemy. If, on the other hand, the
disbelievers are considered more powerful and numerous than the Muslims, then
the Imam (general commander) may decide to hold a treaty if he judges that it
entails a benefit for the Muslims. This is like what Allah's Messenger did when
the disbelievers obstructed him from entering Makkah and offered him treaty in
which all fighting would stop between them for ten years. Consequently, he
agreed to that. Allah then says:
[وَاللَّهُ
مَعَكُمْ]
(And Allah is with you) This contains the good news of victory and triumph
over the enemies.
[وَلَن يَتِرَكُمْ
أَعْمَـلَكُمْ]
(and He will never deprive you of (the reward of) your deeds.) meaning, Allah
will never invalidate your deeds, nullify them, or deprive you of them, but
rather He will give you your rewards complete, without any reduction.'' And
Allah knows best.
[إِنَّمَا الْحَيَوةُ
الدُّنْيَا لَعِبٌ وَلَهْوٌ وَإِن تُؤْمِنُواْ وَتَتَّقُواْ يُؤْتِكُمْ أُجُورَكُمْ
وَلاَ يَسْـَلْكُمْ أَمْوَلَكُمْ - ؤإِن يَسْـَلْكُمُوهَا فَيُحْفِكُمْ تَبْخَلُواْ
وَيُخْرِجْ أَضْغَـنَكُمْ - هَآ أَنتُمْ هَـؤُلاَءِ تُدْعَوْنَ لِتُنفِقُواْ فِى
سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ فَمِنكُم مَّن يَبْخَلُ وَمَن يَبْخَلْ فَإِنَّمَا يَبْخَلُ عَن
نَّفْسِهِ وَاللَّهُ الْغَنِىُّ وَأَنتُمُ الْفُقَرَآءُ وَإِن تَتَوَلَّوْاْ
يَسْتَبْدِلْ قَوْماً غَيْرَكُمْ ثُمَّ لاَ يَكُونُواْ أَمْثَـلَكُم ]
(36. This worldly life is only amusement and diversion. And if you believe
and have Taqwa of Allah, He will grant you your rewards, and will not ask from
you (to sacrifice all of) your possessions.) (37. If He would demand of you all
of it and urge you, you would withhold. And He will expose your (secret)
ill--wills.) (38. Here you are now invited to spend in Allah's cause; but among
you are those who withhold (stingily). And whoever acts stingily is but stingy
toward himself. For Allah is indeed free of needs, while you are the needy. And
if you turn away, He will replace you with other people; then they will not be
like you.)
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