Muhammad bin Ishaq bin Yasar said in his book on Sirah: "The Messenger of
Allah beckoned `Umar bin Al-Khattab in order to send him to Makkah, so that he
could inform the chiefs of Quraysh of the Prophet's intent (to perform `Umrah at
Makkah). `Umar said, `O Allah's Messenger! I fear the Quraysh for my being.
There are no longer any chiefs from the tribe of Bani `Adi bin Ka`b remaining in
Makkah who would protect me, in addition, the Quraysh know my enmity and
harshness against them. However, I could tell you about a man who is mightier
than I in Makkah: `Uthman bin `Affan. We should send him to Abu Sufyan and the
chiefs of the Quraysh informing them that you did not come to fight them, but to
visit this House and to honor its holiness.' `Uthman left to Makkah. He met Aban
bin Sa`id bin Al-`As upon entering Makkah or just before that. As a result, Aban
took `Uthman with him and extended his protection to him so he could deliver the
message of Allah's Messenger . `Uthman indeed went to Abu Sufyan and the chiefs
of Quraysh and imparted the Prophet's message that he was sent with. When
`Uthman finished delivering the Prophet's message to them they said to him, `If
you wish, you can perform Tawaf around the House.' `Uthman replied, `I would not
do that before the Messenger of Allah gets the chance to perform Tawaf around
it.' So the Quraysh kept `Uthman waiting in Makkah. However, the Messenger of
Allah and the Muslims were told that `Uthman had been killed.'' Ibn Ishaq
continued, "I was told by `Abdullah bin Abu Bakr that when news of `Uthman's
death was conveyed to him, the Messenger of Allah said,
«لَا نَبْرَحُ حَتْى
نُنَاجِزَ الْقَوْم»
(We will not leave until we fight the people.)'' Ibn Ishaq continued, "The
Messenger of Allah called the Muslims to give a pledge of allegiance, resulting
in the pledge of Ar-Ridwan being conducted under the tree. Later, people used to
say that the Messenger of Allah took the pledge from them to die. However, Jabir
bin `Abdullah said, `The Messenger of Allah did not ask us to give a pledge to
die (or be victorious), but that we would not run away (from battle).' The
Muslims gave their pledge and none among them held back from giving it, except
Al-Jadd bin Qays from the tribe of Bani Salamah. Jabir used to say afterwards,
`By Allah, it is as if I am looking at him now next to the shoulder of his camel
taking refuge behind it, so that the people did not see him.' Soon afterwards,
news came to the Messenger of Allah that the story of `Uthman's death was not
true.'' Al-Bukhari recorded that Nafi` said, "People said that `Abdullah bin
`Umar embraced Islam before `Umar, but this is not true. What happened is that
on the Day of Hudaybiyyah, `Umar sent `Abdullah to bring his horse that he kept
with a man from Al-Ansar, so he could use it to fight. The Messenger of Allah
was then taking the pledge from the Muslims under the tree while `Umar was
unaware. So, `Abdullah conducted his pledge and fetched the horse and brought it
to `Umar, who was wearing his armor in preparation for battle. `Abdullah told
`Umar that the Messenger of Allah was accepting the pledge under the tree. `Umar
proceeded with `Abdullah and gave his pledge to the Messenger of Allah . This is
why some people thought that `Abdullah bin `Umar embraced Islam before `Umar,
may Allah be pleased with them both.'' Al-Bukhari also recorded Ibn `Umar saying
that, the people who were with the Messenger of Allah scattered under the shade
of trees. Suddenly, the people gathered around the Prophet and `Umar said, "O
`Abdullah! Investigate why the people are gathering around Allah's Messenger.''
Ibn `Umar found the people giving their pledge. He gave his pledge, then went
back and told `Umar, who also went and gave his pledge. In a Hadith collected by
Muslim, Jabir bin `Abdullah said, "On the day of Al-Hudaybiyyah, we were one
thousand and four hundred. We gave the pledge of allegiance to the Prophet while
`Umar was holding the Prophet's hand under the tree, which was a Samurah (a kind
of thorny tree). We gave the pledge to him not to run away (from battle). We did
not give the pledge to die.'' Muslim recorded that Ma`qil bin Yasar, may Allah
be pleased with him, said, "On the day of the Tree, while the Prophet was taking
the pledge from the people, I was holding a branch of that tree away from his
head. We were fourteen hundred. We did not give him our pledge to die, but gave
the pledge not to run from battle.'' However, Al-Bukhari recorded that Salamah
bin Al-Akwa`, may Allah be pleased with him, said, "I gave the pledge to the
Messenger of Allah under the tree.'' Yazid asked him, "O Abu Maslamah, to what
did you pledge at that time'' Salamah said, "To die!'' Al-Bukhari also collected
a Hadith from Salamah bin Al-Akwa` that he said, "I gave my pledge to the
Messenger of Allah on the day of Hudaybiyyah. I stood to the side and the
Messenger said,
«يَا سَلَمَةُ أَلَا
تُبَايِعُ؟»
(Why not give the pledge, O Salamah) and I said, `I did.' He said,
«أَقْبِلْ
فَبَايِع»
(Come and give pledge). I went close to him and gave him my pledge.'''
Salamah was asked, "What was the pledge that you gave then, O Salamah'' Salamah
said, "To die.'' Muslim collected this Hadith as well, while Al-Bukhari
collected from `Abbad bin Tamim that the pledge they gave was to die. Al-Bayhaqi
recorded that Salamah bin Al-Akwa`, may Allah be pleased with him said, "We went
to Al-Hudaybiyyah with the Messenger of Allah , and we numbered fourteen hundred
at that time. We reached the well and found around fifty sheep drinking from it,
but its water was barely sufficient for them. The Messenger of Allah sat on its
rim, invoked Allah and spat in the well and its water gushed out. We made our
animals drink from it and also drank from it. Next, the Messenger of Allah
called the people to give the pledge when he was under the tree, and I was among
the first to give the pledge to him. The remaining people then started giving
the pledge. When about half the people have given the pledge, the Messenger said
to me,
«بَايِعْنِي يَا
سَلَمَة»
(Give me the pledge, O Salamah!) I said, `O Allah's Messenger! I have already
pledged my pledge in the first group of people.' He said,
«وَأَيْضًا»
(Do it again.) So I pledged my pledge again. He also saw that I was not
wearing any armor and gave me some. He went on accepting the pledge from the
people. When they were about to finish, he said,
«أَلَا تُبَايِـــعُ
يَا سَلَمَةُ؟»
(Will you not give me your pledge, O Salamah!) I said, `O Allah's Messenger!
I have given you the pledge in the beginning and the middle. ' He said,
«وَأَيْضًا»
(Do it again,) I gave him my pledge for a third time. The Messenger of Allah
asked me,
«يَا سَلَمَةُ أَيْنَ
حَجَفَتُكَ أَوْ دَرَقَتُكَ الَّتِي أَعْطَيْتُكَ؟»
(Where is the armor that I gave you O Salamah) I said, `O Allah's Messenger!
`Amir met me and I found that he did not have a shield, so I gave it to him.'
The Messenger of Allah laughed and said to me,
«إِنَّكَ كَالَّذِي
قَالَ الْأَوَّلُ اللْهُمَّ أَبْغِنِي حَبِيبًا هُوَ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ
نَفْسِي»
(You are just like the man of old times who said, `O Allah! Give me a dear
person who is dearer to me than myself!') Then the idolators of Makkah sent a
delegation asking for a peace treaty, and we agreed to make peace. I used to
work for Talhah bin `Ubaydullah, may Allah be pleased with him, by providing
water for his horse. For taking care of it, Talhah gave me a portion of his
food. I had left my family and wealth and migrated to Allah and His Messenger
(so I was poor). After the people of Makkah and us conducted peace and were
freely mingling with each other, I went by a tree, removed its thorny branches
and rested under its shade. Four of the idolators of Makkah stood close to me
and started mentioning the Messenger of Allah in an improper way and I hated
being close to them. So, I moved under the shade of another tree. They hanged
their weapons and rested under it. Meanwhile, a caller shouted these words from
the bottom of the valley, `O Emigrants! Ibn Zunaym was killed,' so I held my
sword and went after the four idolators. They were asleep, so I took possession
of their weapons and held them in my hand, saying, `By He Who has honored the
face of Muhammad , if any one of you raises his head, I will strike that which
holds his eyes!' I brought them to the Messenger of Allah , while my uncle `Amir
brought another man, an idolator, whose name was Mikraz, and I and my uncle
brought the men to the Messenger of Allah . The number of captured idolators
swelled to seventy. The Messenger of Allah looked at them and said,
«دَعُوهُمْ يَكُنْ
لَهُمْ بَدْءُ الْفُجُورِ وَثِنَاه»
(Let them go, for theirs will be the initiation of hostilities and its
burden.) The Messenger of Allah forgave them and Allah the Exalted and Most
Honored said,
[وَهُوَ الَّذِى
كَفَّ أَيْدِيَهُمْ عَنكُمْ وَأَيْدِيَكُمْ عَنْهُم بِبَطْنِ مَكَّةَ مِن بَعْدِ
أَنْ أَظْفَرَكُمْ عَلَيْهِمْ]
(And He it is Who has withheld their hands from you and your hands from them
in the midst of Makkah, after He had made you victors over them.)[48:24]''
Muslim collected a narration that is the same or similar. The Two Sahihs
recorded that Sa`id bin Al-Musayyib said, "My father was among those who gave
the pledge to the Messenger of Allah under the tree. He said, `In the following
year, we went for Hajj and we could not find the tree.' Therefore, if you know
where that tree is, then you have more knowledge!'' Abu Bakr Al-Humaydi recorded
that Jabir said, "When the Messenger of Allah called the people to the pledge,
we found a man from our tribe whose name is Al-Jadd bin Qays, hiding under the
shoulder of his camel.'' Muslim collected this Hadith. Al-Humaydi also recorded
that `Amr said that he heard Jabir say, "On the day of Hلudaybiyyah, we were one
thousand and four hundred and the Messenger of Allah said to us,
«أَنْتُمْ خَيْرُ
أَهْلِ الْأَرْضِ الْيَوْم»
(Today, you are the best people on the earth.)'' Jabir went on saying, "If I
still had my sight, I would have shown you the tree.'' Sufyan commented that the
Companions later on differed over the location of the tree of Al-Hudaybiyyah;
the Two Sahihs collected this statement from him. Imam Ahmad recorded that Jabir
said that the Messenger of Allah said,
«لَا يَدْخُلُ
النَّارَ أَحَدٌ مِمَّنْ بَايَعَ تَحْتَ الشَّجَرَة»
(None among those who gave the pledge under the tree shall enter Hellfire.)
`Abdullah bin Imam Ahmad recorded that Jabir said that the Messenger of Allah
said,
«مَنْ يَصْعَدُ
الثَّنِيَّةَ ثَنِيَّةَ الْمُرَارِ فَإِنَّهُ يُحَطُّ عَنْهُ مَا حُطَّ عَنْ بَنِي
إِسْرَائِيل»
(He who ascends Thaniyyah (i.e. a mountainous pass), the Thaniyyah of
Al-Murar, will have as much of his sins relieved for him as the sins that were
relieved from the Children of Israel.) The first to ascend that hill were the
horsemen of (the Ansar tribe of) Banu Al-Khazraj, then the Muslims followed
suit. The Prophet said,
«كُلُّكُمْ مَغْفُورٌ
لَهُ إِلَّا صَاحِبَ الْجَمَلِ الْأَحْمَر»
(All of you will be forgiven, except the owner of the red camel.) We said to
him, "Come, let the Messenger of Allah invoke Allah to forgive you,'' but he
said, "By Allah! Finding my lost camel is dearer to me than having your
companion invoke Allah to forgive me. '' That man was only looking for his lost
camel. Muslim collected this Hadith from Ubaydullah (from Jabir). Muslim also
recorded that Abu Az-Zubayr heard Jabir say, "Umm Mubashshir told me that she
heard the Messenger of Allah saying, while he was with Hafsah,
«لَا يَدْخُلُ
النَّارَ إِنْ شَاءَ اللهُ تَعَالَى مِنْ أَصْحَابِ الشَّجَرَةِ الَّذِينَ
بَايَعُوا تَحْتَهَا، أَحَد»
(Allah willing, none of the Companions of the tree, who gave the pledge under
it, will ever enter Hellfire.) She said, `No, O Allah's Messenger.' The Prophet
rebuked her but Hafsah said,
[وَإِن مِّنكُمْ
إِلاَّ وَارِدُهَا]
(There is not one of you but will pass over it (Hell))(19:71) but the Prophet
responded,
«قَدْ قَالَ اللهُ
تَعَالَى:
[ثُمَّ نُنَجِّى
الَّذِينَ اتَّقَواْ وَّنَذَرُ الظَّـلِمِينَ فِيهَا جِثِيّاً ]»
(Allah the Exalted said next, (Then We shall save those who had Taqwa and We
shall leave the wrongdoers therein on their knees.))(19:71)'' Muslim also
narrated that Jabir said, "A slave of Hatib bin Abi Balta`ah came to the
Messenger complaining against Hatib and saying, `O Allah's Messenger! Hatib
shall surely enter Hell.' The Messenger of Allah replied,
«كَذَبْتَ لَا
يَدْخُلُهَا فَإِنَّهُ قَدْ شَهِدَ بَدْرًا وَالْحُدَيْبِيَّة»
(You lie, he shall never enter the Fire; he participated in Badr and
Al-Hudaybiyyah.) This is why Allah the Exalted said while praising these
Companions,
[إِنَّ الَّذِينَ
يُبَايِعُونَكَ إِنَّمَا يُبَايِعُونَ اللَّهَ يَدُ اللَّهِ فَوْقَ أَيْدِيهِمْ
فَمَن نَّكَثَ فَإِنَّمَا يَنكُثُ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ وَمَنْ أَوْفَى بِمَا عَـهَدَ
عَلَيْهِ اللَّهَ فَسَيُؤْتِيهِ أَجْراً عَظِيماً ]
(Verily, those who give pledge to you, they are giving pledge to Allah. The
Hand of Allah is over their hands. Then whosoever breaks his pledge, breaks it
only to his own harm; and whosoever fulfills whatever covenant he has made with
Allah, He will bestow on him a great reward.) Allah the Exalted and Most Honored
said in another Ayah,
[JAWAD CHECK THIS
AYAH]
(Indeed, Allah was pleased with the believers when they gave the pledge to
you under the tree, He knew what was in their hearts, and He sent down
tranquillity upon them, and He rewarded them with a near victory.) (48:18)
[سَيَقُولُ لَكَ
الْمُخَلَّفُونَ مِنَ الاٌّعْرَابِ شَغَلَتْنَآ أَمْوَلُنَا وَأَهْلُونَا
فَاسْتَغْفِرْ لَنَا يَقُولُونَ بِأَلْسِنَتِهِمْ مَّا لَيْسَ فِى قُلُوبِهِمْ قُلْ
فَمَن يَمْلِكُ لَكُمْ مِّنَ اللَّهِ شَيْئاً إِنْ أَرَادَ بِكُمْ ضَرّاً أَوْ
أَرَادَ بِكُمْ نَفْعاً بَلْ كَانَ اللَّهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ خَبِيراً - بَلْ
ظَنَنْتُمْ أَن لَّن يَنقَلِبَ الرَّسُولُ وَالْمُؤْمِنُونَ إِلَى أَهْلِيهِمْ
أَبَداً وَزُيِّنَ ذَلِكَ فِى قُلُوبِكُمْ وَظَنَنتُمْ ظَنَّ السَّوْءِ وَكُنتُمْ
قَوْماً بُوراً - وَمَن لَّمْ يُؤْمِن بِاللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ فَإِنَّآ أَعْتَدْنَا
لِلْكَـفِرِينَ سَعِيراً - وَلِلَّهِ مُلْكُ السَّمَـوَتِ وَالاٌّرْضِ يَغْفِرُ
لِمَن يَشَآءُ وَيُعَذِّبُ مَن يَشَآءُ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ غَفُوراً رَّحِيماً
]
(11. Those of the bedouins who lagged behind will say to you: "Our
possessions and our families occupied us, so ask forgiveness for us.'' They say
with their tongues what is not in their hearts. Say: "Who then has any power at
all (to intervene) on your behalf with Allah, if He intends you hurt or intends
you benefit Nay, but Allah is Aware of what you do.) (12. Nay, but you thought
that the Messenger and the believers would never return to their families, and
that was made fair seeming in your hearts, and you did think an evil thought and
you became a Bura.'') (13. And whosoever does not believe in Allah and His
Messenger, then verily, We have prepared for the disbelievers a blazing Fire.)
(14. And to Allah belongs the sovereignty of the heavens and the earth. He
forgives whom He wills, and punishes whom He wills. And Allah is Forgiving, Most
Merciful.)
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