Allah informs His Messenger of the excuses that the bedouins who lagged
behind would offer him, those bedouins who preferred to remain in their homes
and possessions and did not join the Messenger of Allah . They offered an excuse
for lagging behind, as that of being busy -- in their homes and with their
wealth! They asked the Messenger of Allah to invoke Allah to forgive them, not
because they had faith in the Prophet and his invocation, but to show off and
pretend. This is why Allah the Exalted said about them,
[يَقُولُونَ
بِأَلْسِنَتِهِمْ مَّا لَيْسَ فِى قُلُوبِهِمْ قُلْ فَمَن يَمْلِكُ لَكُمْ مِّنَ
اللَّهِ شَيْئاً إِنْ أَرَادَ بِكُمْ ضَرّاً أَوْ أَرَادَ بِكُمْ نَفْعاً]
(They say with their tongues what is not in their hearts. Say: "Who then has
any power at all (to intervene) on your behalf with Allah, if He intends you
hurt or intends you benefit'') Allah says, none can resist what Allah has
decided in your case, all praise and honor belong to Him. Allah is the Knower of
your secrets and what your hearts conceal, even if you pretend and choose to be
hypocritical with us. This is why Allah the Exalted said,
[بَلْ كَانَ اللَّهُ
بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ خَبِيراً]
(Nay, but Allah is Ever All-Aware of what you do.) then He said,
[بَلْ ظَنَنْتُمْ أَن
لَّن يَنقَلِبَ الرَّسُولُ وَالْمُؤْمِنُونَ إِلَى أَهْلِيهِمْ أَبَداً]
(Nay, but you thought that the Messenger and the believers would never return
to their families,) `for your lagging behind was not an excusable act or just a
sin. Rather, your lagging behind was because of hypocrisy and because you
thought that the Muslims would be killed to the extent of extermination, their
lives would be extinguished and none of them will ever come back,'
[وَظَنَنتُمْ ظَنَّ
السَّوْءِ وَكُنتُمْ قَوْماً بُوراً]
(and you did think an evil thought and you became a people Bur) going for
destruction, according to `Abdullah bin `Abbas, Mujahid and several others.
Qatadah explained Bur to mean, corrupt and some said that it is a word used in
the Arabic dialect of the area of Oman. Allah the Exalted then said,
[وَمَن لَّمْ يُؤْمِن
بِاللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ]
(And whosoever does not believe in Allah and His Messenger,) Allah states
here that whoever does not purify his actions outwardly and inwardly for Allah's
sake, then Allah the Exalted will punish him in the Blazing Fire, even if he
pretends to show people that he follows the faith, contradicting his true creed.
Allah the Exalted then states that He is the Only Authority, King and Owner Who
has full control over the residents of the heavens and earth,
[يَغْفِرُ لِمَن
يَشَآءُ وَيُعَذِّبُ مَن يَشَآءُ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ غَفُوراً رَّحِيماً]
(He forgives whom He wills, and punishes whom He wills. And Allah is
Forgiving, Most Merciful.) with those who repent, return and submit to Him with
humiliation.
[سَيَقُولُ
الْمُخَلَّفُونَ إِذَا انطَلَقْتُمْ إِلَى مَغَانِمَ لِتَأْخُذُوهَا ذَرُونَا
نَتَّبِعْكُمْ يُرِيدُونَ أَن يُبَدِّلُواْ كَلَـمَ اللَّهِ قُل لَّن تَتَّبِعُونَا
كَذَلِكُمْ قَالَ اللَّهُ مِن قَبْلُ فَسَيَقُولُونَ بَلْ تَحْسُدُونَنَا بَلْ
كَانُواْ لاَ يَفْقَهُونَ إِلاَّ قَلِيلاً ]
(15. Those who lagged behind will say, when you set forth to take the spoils,
"Allow us to follow you.'' They want to change Allah's Words. Say: "You shall
not follow us; thus Allah has said beforehand.'' Then they will say: "Nay, you
envy us.'' Nay, but they understand not except a little.) Allah characterizes
the bedouins who lagged behind the Messenger of Allah during the `Umrah of
Hudaybiyyah, saying that when the Prophet and his Companions later went on to
conquer Khaybar, the bedouins asked them to take them along. They were hoping to
collect war booty, having been absent when it was time to fight the enemy and
enduring with patience therein. Allah the Exalted ordered His Messenger to
refuse to give them permission to accompany him, being a punishment that is
similar to their error. Allah has promised those who were present at
Al-Hudaybiyyah to earn Khaybar's war spoils alone, not shared in that with the
bedouins who lagged behind. Therefore, the legislation that Allah gave in this
regard was joined to the destiny that He decided, occurring just as He decided.
Allah's statement,
[يُرِيدُونَ أَن
يُبَدِّلُواْ كَلَـمَ اللَّهِ]
(They want to change Allah's Words), which refers to the promise that Allah
gave those who were present at Al-Hudaybiyyah, according to the explanation
reported from Mujahid, Qatadah, Juwaybir and which Ibn Jarir preferred. Allah
said,
[قُل لَّن
تَتَّبِعُونَا كَذَلِكُمْ قَالَ اللَّهُ مِن قَبْلُ]
(Say: "You shall not follow us; thus Allah has said beforehand.'') `when He
promised the participants of Al-Hudaybiyyah before you asked to join them,'
[فَسَيَقُولُونَ بَلْ
تَحْسُدُونَنَا]
(Then they will say: "Nay, you envy us.'') `you do not want us to share the
war spoils with you,'
[بَلْ كَانُواْ لاَ
يَفْقَهُونَ إِلاَّ قَلِيلاً]
(Nay, but they under- stand not except a little.) the truth is nothing close
to what they claimed, but they understand not.
[قُل
لِّلْمُخَلَّفِينَ مِنَ الاٌّعْرَابِ سَتُدْعَوْنَ إِلَى قَوْمٍ أُوْلِى بَأْسٍ
شَدِيدٍ تُقَـتِلُونَهُمْ أَوْ يُسْلِمُونَ فَإِن تُطِيعُواْ يُؤْتِكُمُ اللَّهُ
أَجْراً حَسَناً وَإِن تَتَوَلَّوْاْ كَمَا تَوَلَّيْتُمْ مِّن قَبْلُ
يُعَذِّبْكُمْ عَذَاباً أَلِيماً - لَّيْسَ عَلَى الاٌّعْمَى حَرَجٌ وَلاَ عَلَى
الاٌّعْرَجِ حَرَجٌ وَلاَ عَلَى الْمَرِيضِ حَرَجٌ وَمَن يُطِعِ اللَّهَ
وَرَسُولَهُ يُدْخِلْهُ جَنَّـتٍ تَجْرِى مِن تَحْتِهَا الاٌّنْهَـرُ وَمَن
يَتَوَلَّ يُعَذِّبْهُ عَذَاباً أَلِيماً ]
(16. Say to the bedouins who lagged behind: "You shall be called to fight
against a people given to great warfare, then you shall fight them, or they
shall surrender. Then if you obey, Allah will give you a fair reward; but if you
turn away as you did turn away before, He will punish you with a painful
torment.'') (17. No blame or sin is there upon the blind, nor is there sin upon
the lame, nor is there sin upon the sick. And whosoever obeys Allah and His
Messenger, He will admit him to Gardens beneath which rivers flow; and whosoever
turns back, He will punish him with a painful torment.)
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