Allah said,
﴿فَمَن تَصَدَّقَ بِهِ فَهُوَ كَفَّارَةٌ
لَّهُ﴾
(But if anyone remits the retaliation by way of charity, it shall be for him an
expiation.) `Ali bin Abi Talhah reported that Ibn `Abbas commented that
﴿فَمَن تَصَدَّقَ بِهِ﴾
(But if anyone remits the retaliation by way of charity) means; "If one pardons
by way of charity, it will result in expiation for the aggressor and reward for
the victim.'' Sufyan Ath-Thawri said that `Ata' bin As-Sa'ib said that Sa`id bin
Jubayr said that Ibn `Abbas said, `He who pardons the retaliation by way of charity,
it will be an expiation for the aggressor and a reward for the victim with Allah.''
Ibn Abi Hatim recorded this statement. Jabir bin `Abdullah said that Allah's statement,
﴿فَمَن تَصَدَّقَ بِهِ فَهُوَ كَفَّارَةٌ
لَّهُ﴾
(But if anyone remits the retaliation by way of charity, it shall be for him an
expiation,) "For the victim.'' This is also the opinion of Al-Hasan Al-Basri, Ibrahim
An-Nakha`i and Abu Ishaq Al-Hamdani. Imam Ahmad recorded that `Ubadah bin As-Samit
said, "I heard the Messenger of Allah saying,
«مَا مِنْ رَجُلٍ يُجْرَحُ مِنْ جَسَدِهِ
جَرَاحَةً فَيَتَصَدَّقُ بِهَا، إِلَّا كَفَّرَ اللهُ عَنْهُ مِثْلَ مَا تَصَدَّقَ
بِه»
(Any man who suffers a wound on his body and forfeits his right of retaliation as
way of charity, then Allah will pardon him that which is similar to what he forfeited.)
An-Nasa'i and Ibn Jarir recorded this Hadith. Allah's statement,
﴿وَمَن لَّمْ يَحْكُم بِمَآ أنزَلَ
اللَّهُ فَأُوْلَـئِكَ هُمُ الظَّـلِمُونَ﴾
(And whosoever does not judge by that which Allah has revealed, such are the unjust.)
Earlier we mentioned the statements of `Ata' and Tawus that there is Kufr and lesser
Kufr, injustice and lesser injustice and Fisq and lesser Fisq.
﴿وَقَفَّيْنَا عَلَى
ءاثَـرِهِم بِعَيسَى ابْنِ مَرْيَمَ مُصَدِّقاً لِّمَا بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ مِنَ التَوْرَاةِ
وَءَاتَيْنَـهُ الإِنجِيلَ فِيهِ هُدًى وَنُورٌ وَمُصَدِّقاً لِّمَا بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ
مِنَ التَّوْرَاةِ وَهُدًى وَمَوْعِظَةً لِّلْمُتَّقِينَ - وَلْيَحْكُمْ أَهْلُ الإِنجِيلِ
بِمَآ أَنزَلَ اللَّهُ فِيهِ وَمَن لَّمْ يَحْكُم بِمَآ أَنزَلَ اللَّهُ فَأُوْلَـئِكَ
هُمُ الْفَـسِقُونَ ﴾
(46. And in their footsteps, We sent `Isa, son of Maryam, confirming the Tawrah
that had come before him, and We gave him the Injil, in which was guidance and light
and confirmation of the Tawrah that had come before it, a guidance and an admonition
for those who have Taqwa.) (47. Let the people of the Injil judge by what Allah
has revealed therein. And whosoever does not judge by what Allah has revealed, such
are the rebellious.)
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