Allah mentioned the final destination of those foremost in faith, the nearest
to Him, He next mentioned the end of those on the right, the righteous
believers. Maymun bin Mihran said that those on the right side are lesser in
rank than the foremost in faith. Allah said,
[وَأَصْحَـبُ
الْيَمِينِ مَآ أَصْحَـبُ الْيَمِينِ ]
(And those on the right -- how (fortunate) will be those on the right) who
are those on the right, what is their condition and what will their final
destination be like Allah next answers this question by saying,
[فِى سِدْرٍ
مَّخْضُودٍ ]
((they will be) among Sidr Makhdud.) Ibn `Abbas, `Ikrimah, Mujahid, Ibn
Al-Ahwas, Qasamah bin Zuhayr, As-Safr bin Nusayr, Al-Hasan, Qatadah, `Abdullah
bin Kathir, As-Suddi, Abu Hazrah and several others said, "The kind without
thorns.'' And from Ibn `Abbas: "It is the one that is laden with fruits.'' This
is also reported from `Ikrimah and Mujahid. Similar was also said by Qatadah as
we mentioned. So it is the one with a full load of fruits without thorns. So it
appears that both meanings apply here. The lote tree, of this life is thorny and
carries few fruits. In the Hereafter, it is the opposite; it does not have
thorns and carries plenty of fruit, the weight of which strains its trunk.
`Utbah bin `Abd As-Sulami said, "I was sitting with Allah's Messenger , when a
bedouin came and said, `O Messenger of Allah! Have you heard about the tree that
has more thorns than any other being in Paradise' Meaning the Talh tree. So
Allah's Messenger said:
«إِنَّ اللهَ
يَجْعَلُ مَكَانَ كُلِّ شَوْكَةٍ مِنْهَا ثَمَرَةً، مِثْلَ خُصْوَةِ التَّيْسِ
الْمَلْبُودِ، فِيهَا سَبْعُونَ لَوْنًا مِنَ الطَّعَامِ، لَا يُشْبِهُ لَوْنٌ
آخَر»
(For each spot that there was a thorn on it, Allah instead put fruit, similar
to a castrated tight skinned ram, a food having seventy colors, each different
than the other.) Allah's said,
[وَطَلْحٍ مَّنضُودٍ
]
(and among Talh Mandud.) refers to large thorny shrub that used to grow in
the area of Hijaz (Western Arabia). Mujahid said that
[مَّنْضُودٍ]
(Mandud) means: "Its fruits are piled on top of each other. Allah is
reminding the Quraysh of these kinds of trees, since they used to like the shade
that the Talh and Sidr provided for them.'' Ibn Abi Hatim recorded that Abu
Sa`id said that
[وَطَلْحٍ مَّنضُودٍ
]
(Talh Mandud) means: "The banana tree.'' And he (Ibn Abi Hatim) said,
"Similar is reported from Ibn `Abbas, Abu Hurayrah, Al-Hasan, `Ikrimah, Qasamah
bin Zuhayr, Qatadah and Abu Hazrah. '' Mujahid and Ibn Zayd said similalry, Ibn
Zayd added, "The people of Yemen call the banana tree, Talh.'' Ibn Jarir
mentioned no other explanation for Talh. Allah said,
[وَظِلٍّ مَّمْدُودٍ
]
(And in shade Mamdud (extended).) Al-Bukhari recorded that Abu Hurayrah said
that the Prophet said,
«إِنَّ فِي
الْجَنَّةِ شَجَرَةً يَسِيرُ الرَّاكِبُ فِي ظِلِّهَا مِائَةَ عَامٍ لَا
يَقْطَعُهَا، اقْرَؤُوا إِنْ شِئْتُمْ:
[وَظِلٍّ مَّمْدُودٍ
]»
(In Paradise, there is a tree that a rider can travel for a hundred years
under its shade but would not be able to pass it. Recite if you will: (And in
shade extended.)) Muslim also collected this Hadith. Imam Ahmad recorded that
Abu Hurayrah said that the Messenger of Allah said,
«إِنَّ فِي
الْجَنَّةِ شَجَرَةً يَسِيرُ الرَّاكِبُ فِي ظِلِّهَا مِائَةَ عَامٍ، اقْرَؤُوا
إِنْ شِئْتُمْ:
[وَظِلٍّ مَّمْدُودٍ
]»
(There is a tree in Paradise the shade of which a rider would take one
hundred years to pass. Recite if you will: (And in shade extended.)) Muslim,
Al-Bukhari and `Abdur-Razzaq collected this Hadith. Allah said,
[وَفَـكِهَةٍ
كَثِيرَةٍ - لاَّ مَقْطُوعَةٍ وَلاَ مَمْنُوعَةٍ ]
(And fruit in plenty, whose supply is not cut off nor are they out of reach.)
indicating that they will have plenty of fruits of various kinds, that which no
eye has ever seen, no ear has ever heard of and no heart has ever imagined, as
Allah said,
[كُلَّمَا رُزِقُواْ
مِنْهَا مِن ثَمَرَةٍ رِّزْقاً قَالُواْ هَـذَا الَّذِى رُزِقْنَا مِن قَبْلُ
وَأُتُواْ بِهِ مُتَشَـبِهاً]
(Every time they will be provided with a fruit therefrom, they will say:
"This is what we were provided with before, "and they will be given things in
resemblance.)(2:25) The shape will appear similar, but the taste is different.
In the Two Sahihs, Sidrat Al-Muntaha (the tree in the seventh heaven) is
described as:
«فَإِذَا وَرَقُهَا
كَآذَانِ الْفِيَلَةِ، وَنَبْقُهَا مِثْلُ قِلَالِ هَجَر»
(...its leaves were like the ears of elephants and its Nabir fruits resembled
the clay jugs of Hajar.) The Two Sahihs also collected a Hadith from Ibn `Abbas,
who said, "The sun was eclipsed and Allah's Messenger led the people in the
Eclipse prayer. They asked, `O Allah's Messenger, we saw you reach out for
something while standing (in prayer), but then you stepped back.' He said,
«إِنِّي رَأَيْتُ
الْجَنَّةَ فَتَنَاوَلْتُ مِنْهَا عُنْقُودًا، وَلَوْ أَخَذْتُهُ لَأَكَلْتُمْ
مِنْهُ مَا بَقِيَتِ الدُّنْيَا»
(I saw Paradise and reached out for a cluster of fruit from it. Had I done
so, you would have kept eating from it for the remainder of the life of the
world.)'' Imam Ahmad recorded that `Utbah bin `Abd As-Sulami said, "A bedouin
man came to the Messenger of Allah and asked him about the Hawd and Paradise.
The bedouin asked, `Does Paradise have fruits' The Prophet said,
«نَعَمْ، وَفِيهَا
شَجَرَةٌ تُدْعَى طُوبَى»
(Yes, and it also has a tree called Tuba.) [(He ) said something more saying
but I could not recall it]. The bedouin asked, `Does it look like any of the
trees that grow in our area' The Prophet said,
«لَيْسَتْ تُشْبِهُ
شَيْئًا مِنْ شَجَرِ أَرْضِك»
(There is nothing resembling it among the trees in your land.) The Prophet
then asked him,
«أَتَيْتَ
الشَّامَ؟»
(Have you traveled to Ash-Sham area) The bedouin said: `No.' The Prophet
said,
«تُشْبِهُ شَجَرَةً
بِالشَّامِ تُدْعَى الْجَوْزَةَ، تَنْبُتُ عَلَى سَاقٍ وَاحِدَةٍ، وَيَنْفَرِشُ
أَعْلَاهَا»
(It looks like a tree that grows in Ash-Sham area and is called Al-Jawzah,
which stands on one stem but its branches grow all around to the fullest
extent.) The bedouin asked, `How big is the cluster of its fruits' The Prophet
said,
«مَسِيرَةُ شَهْرٍ
لِلْغُرَابِ الْأَبْقَعِ وَلَا يَفْتُر»
(The distance that the crow flies in one month without rest.) The bedouin
asked, `How huge its trunk is' The Prophet said,
«لَوِ ارْتَحَلَتْ
جَذَعَةٌ مِن إِبِلِ أَهْلِكَ مَا أَحَاطَتْ بِأَصْلِهَا، حَتْى تَنْكَسِرَ
تَرْقُوَتُهَا هَرَمًا»
(If a four-year old she-camel that your family owns travels it, it will not
completely pass its trunk until its shoulders break from old age.) The man
asked, `Does it bear grapes' The Prophet answered in yes. The bedouin asked,
`How big are the grapes' The Prophet said,
«هَلْ ذَبَحَ أَبُوكَ
تَيْسًا مِنْ غَنَمِهِ قَطُّ عَظِيمًا؟»
(Has your father ever slaughtered a ram) The bedouin answered, `Yes,' and the
Prophet asked him,
«فَسَلَخَ إِهَابَهُ
فَأَعْطَاهُ أُمَّكَ فَقَالَ: اتَّخِذِي لَنَا مِنْهُ دَلْوًا؟»
(And then he skinned it and gave the skin to your mother and asked her to
make a hanging bucket out of it) The bedouin again said yes and said, `This
grape would suffice for me and my family!' The Prophet agreed and said,
«نَعَمْ، وَعَامَّةَ
عَشِيرَتِك»
(Yes, and also for the rest of your clan.)'' Allah's statement,
[لاَّ مَقْطُوعَةٍ
وَلاَ مَمْنُوعَةٍ ]
(Whose supply is not cut off nor are they out of reach.) The supply of these
fruits never runs out, winter or summer. Rather, they are always available for
those who want to eat from them, forever. Whenever these fruits are desired,
they will be available and easy to grasp by Allah's power. Qatadah said,
"Nothing will prevent them from reaching out to get these fruits, no branches,
thorns or distance.'' We mentioned a Hadith before that states that whenever
someone takes a fruit in Paradise, another one grows in its place. Allah said,
afterwards:
[وَفُرُشٍ
مَّرْفُوعَةٍ ]
(And on couches, raised high.) meaning, high, soft and comfortable. Allah
said,
[إِنَّآ
أَنشَأْنَـهُنَّ إِنشَآءً - فَجَعَلْنَـهُنَّ أَبْكَـراً - عُرُباً أَتْرَاباً -
لاًّصْحَـبِ الْيَمِينِ ]
(Verily, We have created them a special creation. And made them
virgins.`Urub, Atrab. For those on the right.) The Ayat describe the women who
will be on the beds and couches, but since mentioning the beds hints to them,
they were not directly mentioned. For instance, Allah said that Sulayman said,
[إِذْ عُرِضَ
عَلَيْهِ بِالْعَشِىِّ الصَّـفِنَـتُ الْجِيَادُ - فَقَالَ إِنِّى أَحْبَبْتُ حُبَّ
الْخَيْرِ عَن ذِكْرِ رَبِى حَتَّى تَوَارَتْ بِالْحِجَابِ ]
(When there were displayed before him, in the afternoon, well-trained horses
of the highest breed. He said, "I did love the good instead of remembering my
Lord,'' till the time was over, and it had hidden in the veil (of night).)
(38:31-32), "it'' (Tawarat) refers to the sun setting, according to the scholars
of Tafsir. Al-Akhfash said that Ayah,
[إِنَّآ
أَنشَأْنَـهُنَّ]
(Verily, We have created them), implied the maidens of Paradise although it
did not mention them directly. Abu `Ubaydah said that they were mentioned before
in Allah's statement,
[وَحُورٌ عِينٌ -
كَأَمْثَـلِ اللُّؤْلُؤِ الْمَكْنُونِ ]
(And Hur (fair females) with wide lovely eyes. Like preserved pearls.)
Therefore, Allah's statement,
[إِنَّآ
أَنشَأْنَـهُنَّ]
(Verily, We have created them), meaning, in the other life, after they became
old in this life, they were brought back while virgin, youthful, being
delightfully passionate with their husbands, beautiful, kind and cheerful. Abu
Dawud At-Tayalisi recorded that Anas said that the Messenger of Allah said,
«يُعْطَى الْمُؤْمِنُ
فِي الْجَنَّةِ قُوَّةَ كَذَا وَكَذَا فِي النِّسَاء»
(In Paradise, the believer will be given such and such strength for women.)
Anas said, "I asked, `O Allah's Messenger! Will one be able to do that' He said,
«يُعْطَى قُوَّةَ
مِائَة»
(He will be given the strength of a hundred (men).)'' At-Tirmidhi also
recorded it and said, "Sahih Gharib.'' Abu Al-Qasim At-Tabarani recorded that
Abu Hurayrah said that the Messenger of Allah was asked, "O Allah's Messenger!
Will we have sexual intercourse with our wives in Paradise'' He said,
«إِنَّ الرَّجُلَ
لَيَصِلُ فِي الْيَوْمِ إِلَى مِائَةِ عَذْرَاء»
(The man will be able to have sexual intercourse with a hundred virgins in
one day.) Al-Hafiz Abu `Abdullah Al-Maqdisi said, "In my view, this Hadith meets
the criteria of the Sahih, and Allah knows best.'' Allah's statement,
[عُرُباً]
(`Urub,) Sa`id bin Jubayr reported that Ibn `Abbas said, "They are in an
infatuated state with their husbands, haven't you ever seen a she-camel in heat
She is like that.'' Ad-Dahhak reported from Ibn `Abbas who said, "The Urub and
their husbands are their sweet hearts, and they are their husbands' sweet
hearts.'' Similar was said by `Abdullah bin Sarjis, Mujahid, `Ikrimah, Abu
Al-`Aliyah, Yahya bin Abi Kathir, `Atiyah, Al-Hasan, Qatadah, Ad-Dahhak and
others. Ad-Dahhak reported from Ibn `Abbas;
[أَتْرَاباً]
(Atrab), means "They will be of one age, thirty-three years old.'' Mujahid
said, "Equal (age).'' And in a different narration, "Similar (age).'' `Atiyah
said, "Comparative.'' Allah said,
[لاًّصْحَـبِ
الْيَمِينِ ]
(For those on the right.) meaning, these women were created, kept or given in
marriage to those on the right. It appears that the meaning here is that they
were created for those on the right side, because Allah said,
[إِنَّآ
أَنشَأْنَـهُنَّ إِنشَآءً - فَجَعَلْنَـهُنَّ أَبْكَـراً - عُرُباً أَتْرَاباً -
لاًّصْحَـبِ الْيَمِينِ ]
(Verily, We have created them a special creation. And made them virgins.
`Urub, Atrab. For those on the right.) This is the view of Ibn Jarir. It is
possible that Allah's statement,
[لاًّصْحَـبِ
الْيَمِينِ ]
(For those on the right.) refers to the description that came just before,
[عُرُباً أَتْرَاباً
- لاًّصْحَـبِ الْيَمِينِ ]
(Atrab. For those on the right.) meaning, in their age. Al-Bukhari and Muslim
recorded that Abu Hurayrah said that the Messenger of Allah said,
«أَوَّلُ زُمْرَةٍ
يَدْخُلُونَ الْجَنَّةَ عَلَى صُورَةِ الْقَمَرِ لَيْلَةَ الْبَدْرِ، وَالَّذِينَ
يَلُونَهُمْ عَلَى ضَوْءِ أَشَدِّ كَوْكَبٍ دُرِّيَ فِي السَّمَاءِ إِضَاءَةً، لَا
يَبُولُونَ، وَلَا يَتَغَوَّطُونَ، وَلَا يَتْفُلُونَ، وَلَا يَتَمَخَّطُونَ،
أَمْشَاطُهُمُ الذَّهَبُ، وَرَشْحُهُمُ الْمِسْكُ، وَمَجَامِرُهُمُ الْأَلُوَّةُ،
وَأَزْوَاجُهُمُ الْحُورُ الْعِينُ، أَخْلَاقُهُمْ عَلَى خُلُقِ رَجُلٍ وَاحِدٍ،
عَلَى صُورَةِ أَبِيهِمْ آدَمَ، سِتُّونَ ذِرَاعًا فِي السَّمَاء»
(The first group to enter Paradise will be (shining) like the moon when it is
full. The next group will be like the most radiant planet in the sky. They will
not urinate, relieve nature, spit or blow their noses. Their combs will be of
gold and their sweat of musk; and censers of aloeswood will be used. Their wives
will be from Al-Hur Al-`Ayn. Their shape will be similar to each other, the
shape of their father `Adam, sixty cubits high in the sky.) Allah's statement,
[ثُلَّةٌ مِّنَ
الاٌّوَّلِينَ وَثُلَّةٌ مِّنَ الاٌّخِرِينَ ]
(A multitude of those will be from the first generation. And a multitude of
those will be from the later generations.) means, a multitude of those on the
right will come from the earlier generations and a multitude from the latter
generations. Ibn Abi Hatim recorded that `Abdullah bin Mas`ud said, "We were
with the Prophet one night and in the next morning we went to him and he said,
«عُرِضَتْ عَلَيَّ
الْأَنْبِيَاءُ وَأَتْبَاعُهَا بِأُمَمِهَا، فَيَمُرُّ عَلَيَّ النَّبِيُّ،
وَالنَّبِيُّ فِي الْعِصَابَةِ، وَالنَّبِيُّ فِي الثَّلَاثَةِ، وَالنَّبِيُّ
وَلَيْسَ مَعَهُ أَحَد»
(Some Prophets and their nations were displayed before me. A Prophet would
pass in front of me with a group of men, and another with three men, and another
with nobody with him.) Qatadah, one of the narrators of the Hadith, then recited
this Ayah,
[أَلَيْسَ مِنْكُمْ
رَجُلٌ رَّشِيدٌ]
(Is there not among you a single right-minded man)(11:78)
«حَتْى مَرَّ عَلَيَّ
مُوْسَى بْنُ عِمْرَانَ فِي كَبْكَبَةٍ مِنْ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيل»
(Until Musa, son of `Imran passed me, with a great crowd from the Children of
Israel.) So he said;
«قُلْتُ: رَبِّي مَنْ
هذَا؟ قَالَ: هذَا أَخُوكَ مُوسَى بْنُ عِمْرَانَ وَمَنْ تَبِعَهُ مِنْ بَنِي
إسْرَائِيل»
قال:
«قُلْتُ: رَبِّ
فَأَيْنَ أُمَّتِي؟ قَالَ: انْظُرْ عَنْ يَمِينِكَ فِي الظِّرَاب»
قال:
«فَإِذَا وُجُوهُ
الرِّجَال»
قال:
«قَالَ:
أَرَضِيتَ؟»
قال:
«قُلْتُ: قَدْ
رَضِيتُ رَب»
. قال:
«انْظُرْ إِلَى
الْأُفُقِ عَنْ يَسَارِكَ، فَإِذَا وُجُوهُ الرِّجَال»
قال:
«أَرَضِيتَ؟ قُلْتُ:
قَدْ رَضِيتُ رَب»
قال:
«فَإِنَّ مَعَ
هؤُلَاءِ سَبْعِينَ أَلْفًا يَدْخُلُونَ الْجَنَّةَ بِغَيْرِ حِسَاب»
(So, I asked my Lord, "Who is this'' He said, "This is your brother Musa, son
of `Imran, and those who followed him among the Children of Israel.'' I said, "O
Lord! Where is my Ummah'' Allah said, "Look to your right on the hill,'' and I
looked and saw faces of men. Allah said, "Are you pleased,'' and I said, "I am
pleased O Lord!'' Allah said, "Look to the horizon to your left,'' and I saw
faces of men. He again asked, "Are you pleased,'' and I said, "I am pleased, O
Lord!'' He said, "And with them are seventy-thousand who will enter Paradise
without reckoning.'') `Ukkashah bin Mihsan from Bani Asad, one of those who
participated in the battle of Badr, said, `O Allah's Messenger! Invoke Allah to
make me one of them.' The Prophet said,
«اللْهُمَّ اجْعَلْهُ
مِنْهُم»
(O Allah, make him one of them.) Another man said, `O Allah's Messenger,
invoke Allah to make me one of them.' The Prophet said,
«سَبَقَكَ بِهَا
عُكَّاشَة»
(`Ukkashah beat you to it.) Allah's Messenger said,
«فَإِنِ
اسْتَطَعْتُمْ فِدَاكُمْ أَبِي وَأُمِّي أَنْ تَكُونُوا مِنْ أَصْحَاب السَّبْعِينَ
فَافْعَلُوا، وَإِلَّا فَكُونُوا مِنْ أَصْحَابِ الظِّرَابِ، وَإِلَّا فَكُونُوا
مِنْ أَصْحَابِ الْأُفُقِ، فَإِنِّي قَدْ رَأَيْتُ نَاسًا كَثِيرًا قَدْ
تَأَشَّبُوا حَوْلَه»
(Therefore, may I sacrifice my father and mother for you! Try to be among the
seventy (thousands), or among the crowds on the right, or the crowds that
covered the side of the horizon, because I saw large crowds gathering on that
side.) He continued:
«إِنِّي لَأَرْجُو
أَنْ تَكُونُوا رُبُعَ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّة»
(I hope that you will be a fourth of the people of Paradise.) and we said,
`Allahu Akbar. ' He said,
«إِنِّي لَأَرْجُو
أَنْ تَكُونُوا ثُلُثَ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّة»
(I hope that you will be a third of the people of Paradise.) and we said,
`Allahu Akbar.' The Prophet said,
«إِنِّي لَأَرْجُو
أَنْ تَكُونُوا نِصْفَ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّة»
(I hope that you will be half of the people of Paradise,) and we said `Allahu
Akbar.' Then Allah's Messenger recited this Ayah:
[ثُلَّةٌ مِّنَ
الاٌّوَّلِينَ وَثُلَّةٌ مِّنَ الاٌّخِرِينَ ]
(A multitude of those will be from the first generation. And a multitude of
those will be from the later generations.) We said to each other, `Who are those
seventy thousand' We then said, `They are those who were born in Islam and did
not associate (anything or anyone in the worship of Allah).' When what we said
reached the Prophet , he said,
«بَلْ هُمُ الَّذِينَ
لَا يَكْتَوُونَ، وَلَا يَسْتَرْقُونَ وَلَا يَتَطَيَّرُونَ، وَعَلَى رَبِّهِمْ
يَتَوَكَّلُون»
(They are the people who do not get treated by cauterization themselves, do
not ask for Ruqyah (get oneself treated by the recitation of some verses of the
Qur`an) and do not draw an evil omen from (birds), but put their trust (only) in
their Lord.)'' This Hadith has many chains of narration collected in the Sahihs
and other collections of Hadith.
[وَأَصْحَـبُ
الشِّمَالِ مَآ أَصْحَـبُ الشِّمَالِ - فِى سَمُومٍ وَحَمِيمٍ - وَظِلٍّ مِّن
يَحْمُومٍ - لاَّ بَارِدٍ وَلاَ كَرِيمٍ - إِنَّهُمْ كَانُواْ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ
مُتْرَفِينَ - وَكَانُواْ يُصِرُّونَ عَلَى الْحِنثِ الْعَظِيمِ - وَكَانُواْ
يِقُولُونَ أَءِذَا مِتْنَا وَكُنَّا تُرَاباً وَعِظَـماً أَءِنَّا لَمَبْعُوثُونَ
أَوَ ءَابَآؤُنَا الاٌّوَّلُونَ ]
[قُلْ إِنَّ
الاٌّوَّلِينَ وَالاٌّخِرِينَ - لَمَجْمُوعُونَ إِلَى مِيقَـتِ يَوْمٍ مَّعْلُومٍ -
ثُمَّ إِنَّكُمْ أَيُّهَا الضَّآلُّونَ الْمُكَذِّبُونَ - لاّكِلُونَ مِن شَجَرٍ
مِّن زَقُّومٍ - فَمَالِـُونَ مِنْهَا الْبُطُونَ - فَشَـرِبُونَ عَلَيْهِ مِنَ
الْحَمِيمِ - فَشَـرِبُونَ شُرْبَ الْهِيمِ - هَـذَا نُزُلُهُمْ يَوْمَ الدِّينِ
]
(41. And those on the left How will be those on the left) (42. In Samum, and
Hamim.) (43. And a shadow from Yahmum,) (44. Neither Barid nor Karim,) (45.
Verily, before that, they indulged in luxury,) (46. And were persisting in great
sin.) (47. And they used to say: "When we die and become dust and bones, shall
we then indeed be resurrected'') (48. "And also our forefathers'') (49. Say:
"(Yes) verily, those of old, and those of later times.'') (50. "All will surely
be gathered together for appointed meeting of a known Day.'') (51. "Then verily,
--- you the erring -- ones, the deniers!'') (52. "You verily, will eat of the
trees of Zaqqum.'') (53. "Then you will fill your bellies therewith,'') (54.
"And drink the Hamim on top of it.'') (55. "And you will drink (that) like
Al-Him!'') (56. That will be their entertainment on the Day of Recompense!)
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