Allah states that He brings death to His servants in their sleep at night, for sleep
is minor death. Allah said in other Ayat,
﴿إِذْ قَالَ اللَّهُ يعِيسَى إِنِّي
مُتَوَفِّيكَ وَرَافِعُكَ إِلَىَّ﴾
(And (remember) when Allah said: "O `Isa! I will take you and raise you to Myself...'')
﴿3:55﴾, and,
﴿اللَّهُ يَتَوَفَّى الاٌّنفُسَ حِينَ
مِوْتِـهَا وَالَّتِى لَمْ تَمُتْ فِى مَنَامِـهَا فَيُمْسِكُ الَّتِى قَضَى عَلَيْهَا
الْمَوْتَ وَيُرْسِلُ الاٍّخْرَى إِلَى أَجَلٍ مُّسَمًّى﴾
(It is Allah Who takes away the souls at the time of their death, and those that
die not during their sleep. He keeps those (souls) for which He has ordained death
and sends the rest for a term appointed.)﴿39:42﴾, ,thus mentioning both minor and
major death. Allah says,
﴿وَهُوَ الَّذِى يَتَوَفَّـكُم بِالَّيْلِ
وَيَعْلَمُ مَا جَرَحْتُم بِالنَّهَارِ﴾
(It is He, Who takes your souls by night (when you are asleep), and has knowledge
of all that you have done by day,) meaning, He knows the deeds and actions that
you perform during the day. This Ayah demonstrates Allah's perfect knowledge of
His creation, by day and night, and in their movements and idleness. Allah said
in other Ayat,
﴿سَوَآءٌ مِّنْكُمْ مَّنْ أَسَرَّ
الْقَوْلَ وَمَنْ جَهَرَ بِهِ وَمَنْ هُوَ مُسْتَخْفٍ بِالَّيْلِ وَسَارِبٌ بِالنَّهَارِ
﴾
(It is the same (to Him) whether any of you conceal his speech or declare it openly,
whether he be hid by night or go forth freely by day.) ﴿13:10﴾, and
﴿وَمِن رَّحْمَتِهِ جَعَلَ لَكُمُ
الَّيْلَ وَالنَّهَارَ لِتَسْكُنُواْ فِيهِ﴾
(It is out of His mercy that He made night and day, so that you may rest therein),
by night,
﴿وَلِتَبْتَغُواْ مِن فَضْلِهِ﴾
(and that you may seek of His bounty) by day. Allah said,
﴿وَجَعَلْنَا الَّيْلَ لِبَاساً -
وَجَعَلْنَا النَّهَارَ مَعَاشاً ﴾
(And (We) have made the night as a covering. And (We) have made the day for livelihood.)
﴿78:10-11﴾. Allah said here,
﴿وَهُوَ الَّذِى يَتَوَفَّـكُم بِالَّيْلِ
وَيَعْلَمُ مَا جَرَحْتُم بِالنَّهَارِ﴾
(It is He, Who takes your souls by night (when you are asleep), and has knowledge
of all that you have done by day,) ﴿6:60﴾, Then said,
﴿ثُمَّ يَبْعَثُكُمْ فِيهِ﴾
(then he raises (wakes) you up again,) by day, according to Mujahid, Qatadah and
As-Suddi. Allah's statement,
﴿لِيُقْضَى أَجَلٌ مّسَمًّى﴾
(that a term appointed be fulfilled) refers to the life span of every person,
﴿ثُمَّ إِلَيْهِ مَرْجِعُكُمْ﴾
(then (in the end), unto Him will be your return.) on the Day of Resurrection,
﴿ثُمَّ يُنَبِّئُكُم بِمَا كُنتُمْ
تَعْمَلُونَ﴾
(Then He will inform you of what you used to do.) He will reward you, good for good,
and evil for evil. Allah's statement,
﴿وَهُوَ الْقَاهِرُ فَوْقَ عِبَادِهِ﴾
(He is the Qahir over His servants.) The Qahir means, the one who controls everything,
all are subservient to His supreme grace, greatness and majesty,
﴿وَيُرْسِلُ عَلَيْكُم حَفَظَةً﴾
(and He sends guardians over you,) angels who guard mankind. In another Ayah, Allah
said;
﴿لَهُ مُعَقِّبَـتٌ مِّن بَيْنِ يَدَيْهِ
وَمِنْ خَلْفِهِ يَحْفَظُونَهُ مِنْ أَمْرِ اللَّهِ﴾
(For each (person), there are angels in succession, before and behind him. They
guard him by the command of Allah.) ﴿13:11﴾, watching his deeds and recording them.
Allah said,
﴿وَإِنَّ عَلَيْكُمْ لَحَـفِظِينَ
﴾
(But verily, over you (are appointed angels in charge of mankind) to watch you.)
﴿82:10﴾, and,
﴿إِذْ يَتَلَقَّى الْمُتَلَقِّيَانِ
عَنِ الْيَمِينِ وَعَنِ الشِّمَالِ قَعِيدٌ - مَّا يَلْفِظُ مِن قَوْلٍ إِلاَّ لَدَيْهِ
رَقِيبٌ عَتِيدٌ ﴾
((Remember!) that the two receivers (recording angels) receive, one sitting on the
right and one on the left. Not a word does he utter, but there is a watcher by him,
ready.) ﴿50:17-18﴾. Allah's statement,
﴿حَتَّى إِذَا جَآءَ أَحَدَكُمُ الْمَوْتُ﴾
(until when death approaches one of you...) refers to, when one's life span comes
to an end and he is dying,
﴿تَوَفَّتْهُ رُسُلُنَا﴾
(Our messengers take his soul...) meaning, there are angels who are responsible
for this job. Ibn `Abbas and several others said that the Angel of Death has angels
who pull the soul from its body and when it reaches the throat, the Angel of Death
captures it. Allah said;
﴿وَهُمْ لاَ يُفَرِّطُونَ﴾
(and they never neglect their duty.) They guard the soul of the dead person and
take it to wherever Allah wills, to `Illiyyin if he was among the righteous, and
to Sijjin if he was among the wicked (disbelievers, sinners, etc.), we seek refuge
with Allah from this end. Allah said next,
﴿ثُمَّ رُدُّواْ إِلَى اللَّهِ مَوْلَـهُمُ
الْحَقِّ﴾
(Then they are returned to Allah, their Master, the Just Lord.) Imam Ahmad recorded
that Abu Hurayrah said that the Prophet said,
«إِنَّ الْمَيِّتَ تَحْضُرُهُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ
فَإِذَا كَانَ الرَّجُلُ الصَّالِحُ، قَالُوا: اخْرُجِي أَيَّتُهَا النَّفْسُ الطَّيِّبَةُ
كَانَتْ فِي الْجَسَدِ الطَّيِّبِ،اخْرُجِي حَمِيدَةً، وَأَبْشِرِي بِرَوْحٍ وَرَيْحَانٍ،
وَرَبَ غَيْرِ غَضْبَانَ، فَلَا تَزَالُ يُقَالُ لَهَا ذَلِكَ حَتَّى تَخْرُجَ، ثُمَّ
يُعْرَجَ بِهَا إِلَى السَّمَاءِ، فَيَسْتَفْتَحُ لَهَا فَيُقَالُ مَنْ هَذَا؟ فَيُقَالُ:
فُلَانٌ، فَيُقَالَ: مَرْحبًا بِالنَّفْسِ الطَّيِّبَةِ، كَانَتْ فِي الْجَسَدِ الطَّيِّبِ،
ادْخُلي حَمِيدَةً وَأَبْشِرِي بِرَوْحٍ وَرَيْحَانٍ وَرَبَ غَيْرِ غَضْبَانَ، فَلَا
تَزَالُ يُقَالُ لَهَا ذَلِكَ حَتَّى يُنْتَهَى بِهَا إِلَى السَّمَاءِ الَّتِي فِيهَا
اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ، وَإِذَا كَانَ الرَّجُلُ السَّوْءُ، قَالُوا: اخْرُجِي أَيَّتُهَا
النَّفْسُ الْخَبِيثَةُ كَانَتْ فِي الْجَسَدِ الْخَبِيثِ، اخْرُجِي ذَمِيمَةً وَأَبْشِري
بِحَمِيمٍ وَغَسَّاقٍ، وَآخَرَ مِنْ شَكْلِهِ أَزْوَاج، فَلَا تَزَالُ يُقَالُ لَهَا
ذَلِكَ حَتَّى تَخْرُجَ، ثُمَّ يُعْرَجَ بِهَا إِلَى السَّمَاءِ، فَيُسْتَفْتَحُ لَهًا
فَيُقَالُ: مَنْ هَذَا؟ فَيُقَالُ: فُلَانٌ، فَيُقَالُ: لَا مَرْحَبًا بِالنَّفْسِ
الْخَبِيثَةِ كَانَتْ فِي الْجَسَدِ الْخَبِيثِ، ارْجِعِي ذَمِيمَةً، فَإِنَّهُ لَا
يُفْتَحُ لَكَ أَبْوَابُ السَّمَاءِ، فَتُرْسَلُ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ ثُمَّ تَصِيرُ إِلَى
الْقَبْرِ، فَيُجْلَسُ الرَّجُلُ الصَّالِحُ، فَيُقَالُ لَهُ مِثْلُ مَا قِيلَ فِي
الْحَدِيثِ الأَوَّلِ، وَيُجْلَسُ الرَّجُلُ السَّوْءُ فَيُقَالُ لَهُ مِثْلُ مَا قِيلَ
فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّانِي»
(The angels attend the dying person. If he is a righteous person, the angels will
say, `O pure soul from a pure body! Come out with honor and receive the good news
of rest, satisfaction and a Lord Who is not angry.' The angels will keep saying
this until the soul leaves its body, and they will then raise it up to heaven and
will ask that the door be opened for the soul and it will be asked, `Who is this'
It will be said, `(The soul of) so-and-so.' It will be said, `Welcome, to the pure
soul that inhabited the pure body. Enter with honor and receive the good news of
rest, satisfaction and a Lord Who is not angry.' This statement will be repeated
until the soul reaches the heaven above which there is Allah. If the dying person
is evil, the angels will say, `Get out (of your body), O wicked soul from a wicked
body! Get out in disgrace and receive the news of boiling fluid, a fluid dark, murky,
intensely cold and other (torments) of similar kind - all together - to match them.'
This statement will be said repeatedly until the evil soul leaves its body. The
soul will be raised up to heaven and a request will be made that the door be opened
for it. It will be asked, `Who is this' It will be said, `(The soul of) so and so.'
It will be said, `No welcome to the wicked soul from the wicked body. Return with
disgrace, for the doors of heaven will not be opened for you.' So it will be thrown
from heaven until it returns to the grave. So the righteous person sits and similar
is said to him as before. And the evil person sits and similar is said to him as
before.) It is also possible that the meaning of,
﴿ثُمَّ رُدُّواْ﴾
(Then they are returned...) refers to the return of all creation to Allah on the
Day of Resurrection, when He will subject them to His just decision. Allah said
in other Ayat,
﴿قُلْ إِنَّ الاٌّوَّلِينَ وَالاٌّخِرِينَ
- لَمَجْمُوعُونَ إِلَى مِيقَـتِ يَوْمٍ مَّعْلُومٍ ﴾
(Say: "(Yes) verily, those of old, and those of later times. All will surely be
gathered together for an appointed meeting of a known Day.'') ﴿56:49-50﴾ and,
﴿وَحَشَرْنَـهُمْ فَلَمْ نُغَادِرْ
مِنْهُمْ أَحَداً﴾
(And We shall gather them all together so as to leave not one of them behind...)
﴿18:47﴾ until,
﴿وَلاَ يَظْلِمُ رَبُّكَ أَحَدًا﴾
(And your Lord treats no one with injustice.) ﴿18:49﴾ Allah said here,
﴿مَوْلَـهُمُ الْحَقِّ أَلاَ لَهُ
الْحُكْمُ وَهُوَ أَسْرَعُ الْحَـسِبِينَ﴾
(their Master, the Just Lord. Surely, His is the judgement and He is the swiftest
in taking account.) ﴿6:62﴾
﴿قُلْ مَن يُنَجِّيكُمْ
مِّن ظُلُمَـتِ الْبَرِّ وَالْبَحْرِ تَدْعُونَهُ تَضَرُّعاً وَخُفْيَةً لَّئِنْ أَنجَـنَا
مِنْ هَـذِهِ لَنَكُونَنَّ مِنَ الشَّـكِرِينَ - قُلِ اللَّهُ يُنَجِّيكُمْ مِّنْهَا
وَمِن كُلِّ كَرْبٍ ثُمَّ أَنتُمْ تُشْرِكُونَ - قُلْ هُوَ الْقَادِرُ عَلَى أَن يَبْعَثَ
عَلَيْكُمْ عَذَاباً مِّن فَوْقِكُمْ أَوْ مِن تَحْتِ أَرْجُلِكُمْ أَوْ يَلْبِسَكُمْ
شِيَعاً وَيُذِيقَ بَعْضَكُمْ بَأْسَ بَعْضٍ انْظُرْ كَيْفَ نُصَرِّفُ الاٌّيَـتِ لَعَلَّهُمْ
يَفْقَهُونَ ﴾
(63. Say: "Who rescues you from the dark recesses of the land and the sea, when
you call upon Him begging and in secret (saying): `If He (Allah) only saves us from
these (dangers), we shall truly be grateful.'') (64. Say: "Allah rescues you from
these (dangers) and from all distress, and yet you commit Shirk.'') (65. Say: "He
has the power to send torment on you from above or from under your feet, or to Yalbisakum
in party strife, and make you taste the violence of one another.'' See how variously
We explain the Ayat, so that they may understand.)
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