Allah said,
﴿وَلاَ تَكْسِبُ كُلُّ نَفْسٍ إِلاَّ
عَلَيْهَا وَلاَ تَزِرُ وَازِرَةٌ وِزْرَ أُخْرَى﴾
(No person earns any (sin) except against himself (only), and no bearer of burdens
shall bear the burden of another.) thus emphasizing Allah's reckoning, decision
and justice that will occur on the Day of Resurrection. The souls will only be recompensed
for their deeds, good for good and evil for evil. No person shall carry the burden
of another person, a fact that indicates Allah's perfect justice. Allah said in
other Ayat,
﴿وَإِن تَدْعُ مُثْقَلَةٌ إِلَى حِمْلِهَا
لاَ يُحْمَلْ مِنْهُ شَىْءٌ وَلَوْ كَانَ ذَا قُرْبَى﴾
(And if one heavily laden calls another to (bear) his load, nothing of it will be
lifted even though he be near of kin.) ﴿35:18﴾, and,
﴿فَلاَ يَخَافُ ظُلْماً وَلاَ هَضْماً﴾
(Then he will have no fear of injustice, nor of any curtailment (of his reward).)
﴿20:112﴾ Scholars of Tafsir commented, "No person will be wronged by carrying the
evil deeds of another person, nor will his own good deeds be curtailed or decreased.''
Allah also said;
﴿كُلُّ نَفْسٍ بِمَا كَسَبَتْ رَهِينَةٌ
- إِلاَّ أَصْحَـبَ الْيَمِينِ ﴾
(Every person is a pledge for what he has earned. Except those on the Right.) ﴿74:38-39﴾,
meaning, every person will be tied to his evil deeds. But, for those on the right
-- the believers -- the blessing of their good works will benefit their offspring
and relatives, as well. Allah said in Surat At-Tur,
﴿وَالَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ وَاتَّبَعَتْهُمْ
ذُرِّيَّتُهُم بِإِيمَـنٍ أَلْحَقْنَا بِهِمْ ذُرِّيَّتَهُمْ وَمَآ أَلَتْنَـهُمْ مِّنْ
عَمَلِهِم مِّن شَىْءٍ﴾
(And those who believe and whose offspring follow them in faith, to them shall We
join their offspring, and We shall not decrease the reward of their deeds in anything.)
﴿52:21﴾, meaning, We shall elevate their offspring to their high grades in Paradise,
even though the deeds of the offspring were less righteous, since they shared faith
with them in its general form. Allah says, We did not decrease the grades of these
righteous believers so that those (their offspring and relatives) who have lesser
grades, can share the same grades as them. Rather Allah elevated the lesser believers
to the grades of their parents by the blessing of their parents' good works, by
His favor and bounty. Allah said next (in Surat At-Tur),
﴿كُلُّ امْرِىءٍ بِمَا كَسَبَ رَهَينٌ﴾
(Every person is a pledge for that which he has earned.) ﴿52:21﴾, meaning, of evil.
Allah's statement here,
﴿ثُمَّ إِلَى رَبِّكُمْ مَّرْجِعُكُمْ
فَيُنَبِّئُكُم بِمَا كُنتُمْ فِيهِ تَخْتَلِفُونَ﴾
(Then unto your Lord is your return, so He will tell you that wherein you have been
differing.) means, work you (disbelievers), and we will also work. Surely, both
you and us will be gathered to Allah and He will inform us of our deeds and your
deeds and the decision on what we used to dispute about in the life of this world.
Allah said in other Ayat,
﴿قُل لاَّ تُسْـَلُونَ عَمَّآ أَجْرَمْنَا
وَلاَ نُسْـَلُ عَمَّا تَعْمَلُونَ - قُلْ يَجْمَعُ بَيْنَنَا رَبُّنَا ثُمَّ يَفْتَحُ
بَيْنَنَا بِالْحَقِّ وَهُوَ الْفَتَّاحُ الْعَلِيمُ ﴾
(Say: "You will not be asked about our sins, nor shall we be asked of what you do."
Say: "Our Lord will assemble us all together, then He will judge between us with
truth. And He is the Just Judge, the All-Knower of the true state of affairs.")
﴿34:25-26﴾.
﴿وَهُوَ الَّذِى جَعَلَكُمْ
خَلَـئِفَ الاٌّرْضِ وَرَفَعَ بَعْضَكُمْ فَوْقَ بَعْضٍ دَرَجَـتٍ لِّيَبْلُوَكُمْ
فِى مَآ آتَـكُمْ إِنَّ رَبَّكَ سَرِيعُ الْعِقَابِ وَإِنَّهُ لَغَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ ﴾
(165. And it is He Who has made you generations coming after generations, replacing
each other on the earth. And He has raised you in ranks, some above others that
He may try you in that which He has bestowed on you. Surely, your Lord is Swift
in retribution, and certainly He is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.)
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