Allah describes His Honorable Self and just judgment in that He does not lead
a people astray but after the Message comes to them, so that the proof is
established against them. For instance, Allah said,
[وَأَمَّا ثَمُودُ
فَهَدَيْنَـهُمْ]
(And as for Thamud, We showed and made clear to them the path of truth ...)
[41:17]. Mujahid commented on Allah's saying;
[وَمَا كَانَ اللَّهُ
لِيُضِلَّ قَوْماً بَعْدَ إِذْ هَدَاهُمْ]
(And Allah will never lead a people astray after He has guided them) "Allah
the Mighty and Sublime is clarifying to the believers about not seeking
forgiveness for the idolators in particular, and in general, it is an
exhortation to beware of disobeying Him, and encouragement to obey Him. So
either do or suffer.'' Ibn Jarir commented, "Allah says that He would not direct
you to misguidance, so that you invoke Him for forgiveness for your dead
idolators, after He gave you guidance and directed you to believe in Him and in
His Messenger ! First, He will inform you of what you should avoid, so that you
avoid it. Before He informs you that this action is not allowed, you would not
have disobeyed Him and fallen into what He prohibited for you [if you indulge in
this action]. Therefore, in this case, He will not allow you to be misguided.
Verily, guidance or misguidance occurs after commands and prohibitions are
established. As for those who were neither commanded nor prohibited, they can
neither be obedient nor disobedient in doing what they were neither ordered nor
prohibited from doing.'' Allah said,
[إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَهُ
مُلْكُ السَّمَـوَتِ وَالاٌّرْضِ يُحْىِ وَيُمِيتُ وَمَا لَكُمْ مِّن دُونِ اللَّهِ
مِن وَلِىٍّ وَلاَ نَصِيرٍ ]
(Indeed to Allah belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth, He gives
life and He causes death. And besides Allah you have neither any protector nor
any helper.) Ibn Jarir commented, "This is an encouragement from Allah for His
believing servants to fight the idolators and chiefs of disbelief. It is also a
command for them to trust in Allah's aid, for He is the Owner of the heavens and
earth, and not to fear His enemies. Verily, they have no protector besides
Allah, nor a supporter other than Him.''
[لَقَدْ تَابَ الله
عَلَى النَّبِىِّ وَالْمُهَـجِرِينَ وَالاٌّنصَـرِ الَّذِينَ اتَّبَعُوهُ فِى
سَاعَةِ الْعُسْرَةِ مِن بَعْدِ مَا كَادَ يَزِيغُ قُلُوبُ فَرِيقٍ مِّنْهُمْ ثُمَّ
تَابَ عَلَيْهِمْ إِنَّهُ بِهِمْ رَءُوفٌ رَّحِيمٌ ]
(117. Allah has forgiven the Prophet, the Muhajirin and the Ansar who
followed him in the time of distress (Tabuk expedition), after the hearts of a
party of them had nearly deviated (from the right path), but He accepted their
repentance. Certainly, He is unto them full of kindness, Most Merciful.)
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