A discussion concerning the letters of the alphabet (which appear at the
beginning of some chapters of the Qur'an) has already preceded at the beginning
of Surat Al-Baqarah. That discussion is sufficient without any need for
repetition here. Concerning Allah's statement,
[أُحْكِمَتْ
ءايَـتُهُ ثُمَّ فُصِّلَتْ]
(The Ayat whereof are perfect and then explained in detail) This means
perfect in its wording, detailed in its meaning. Thus, it is complete in its
form and its meaning. This interpretation was reported from Mujahid and Qatadah,
and Ibn Jarir [At-Tabari] preferred it. Concerning the meaning of Allah's
statement,
[مِن لَّدُنْ حَكِيمٍ
خَبِيرٍ]
(from One (Allah), Who is All-Wise, Well-Acquainted.) This means that it (the
Qur'an) is from Allah, Who is Most Wise in His statements and His Laws, and Most
Aware of the final outcome of matters.
[أَلاَّ تَعْبُدُواْ
إِلاَّ اللَّهَ]
((Saying) worship none but Allah.) This means that this Qur'an descended,
perfect and detailed, with the purpose of Allah's worship alone, without any
partners. This is similar to the statement of Allah, the Exalted,
[وَمَآ أَرْسَلْنَا
مِن قَبْلِكَ مِن رَّسُولٍ إِلاَّ نُوحِى إِلَيْهِ أَنَّهُ لا إِلَـهَ إِلاَّ
أَنَاْ فَاعْبُدُونِ ]
(And We did not send any Messenger before you but We revealed to him
(saying): There is no God but I, so worship Me.) [21:25] It is similar to
Allah's statement,
[وَلَقَدْ بَعَثْنَا
فِى كُلِّ أُمَّةٍ رَّسُولاً أَنِ اعْبُدُواْ اللَّهَ وَاجْتَنِبُواْ
الْطَّـغُوتَ]
(And verily, We have sent among every Ummah a Messenger (proclaiming):
`Worship Allah (Alone), and avoid Taghut (calling false deities.)')[16:36] In
reference to Allah's statement,
[إِنَّنِى لَكُمْ
مِّنْهُ نَذِيرٌ وَبَشِيرٌ]
(Verily, I am unto you from Him a warner and a bringer of glad tidings.) This
means, "Verily, I am unto you a warner of the punishment if you oppose Him
(Allah), and a bringer of the good news of reward if you obey Him.'' This
meaning has been recorded in the authentic Hadith which states that the
Messenger of Allah ascended mount As-Safa and called out to his near relatives
of the Quraysh tribe. When they gathered around him, he said,
«يَا مَعْشَرَ
قُرَيْشٍ أَرَأَيْتُمْ لَوْ أَخْبَرْتُكُمْ أَنَّ خَيْلًا تُصَبِّحُكُمْ أَلَسْتُمْ
مُصَدِّقِيَّ؟»
(O people of Quraysh, if I informed you that a cavalry was going to attack
you in the morning, would you not believe me) They replied, "We have not found
you to be a liar.'' He said,
«فَإِنِّي نَذِيرٌ
لَكُمْ بَيْنَ يَدَي عَذَابٍ شَدِيد»
(Verily I am a warner unto you before a severe punishment.) Concerning His
statement,
[وَأَنِ
اسْتَغْفِرُواْ رَبَّكُمْ ثُمَّ تُوبُواْ إِلَيْهِ يُمَتِّعْكُمْ مَّتَاعًا حَسَنًا
إِلَى أَجَلٍ مُّسَمًّى وَيُؤْتِ كُلَّ ذِي فَضْلٍ فَضْلَهُ]
(And (commanding you): `Seek the forgiveness of your Lord, and turn to Him in
repentance, that He may grant you good enjoyment, for a term appointed, and
bestow His abounding grace to every owner of grace.) This means, "I am
commanding you to seek forgiveness from previous sins and to turn to Allah from
future sins, and thereafter you abide by that.''
[يُمَتِّعْكُمْ
مَّتَاعًا حَسَنًا]
(that He may grant you good enjoyment,) This is in reference to this worldly
life.
[إِلَى أَجَلٍ
مُّسَمًّى وَيُؤْتِ كُلَّ ذِي فَضْلٍ فَضْلَهُ]
(for a term appointed, and bestow His abounding grace to every owner of
grace.) This refers to the Hereafter, according to Qatadah. "This is like the
statement of Allah,
[مَنْ عَمِلَ
صَـلِحاً مِّن ذَكَرٍ أَوْ أُنْثَى وَهُوَ مُؤْمِنٌ فَلَنُحْيِيَنَّهُ حَيَوةً
طَيِّبَةً]
(Whoever works righteousness -- whether male or female -- while a true
believer, verily to him We will give a good life.)[16:97] Concerning Allah's
statement,
[وَإِن تَوَلَّوْاْ
فَإِنِّي أَخَافُ عَلَيْكُمْ عَذَابَ يَوْمٍ كَبِيرٍ]
(But if you turn away, then I fear for you the torment of a Great Day.) This
is a severe threat for whoever turns away from the commandments of Allah, the
Exalted, and rejects His Messengers. Verily, the punishment will afflict such a
person on the Day of Resurrection and there will be no escape from it.
[إِلَى الله
مَرْجِعُكُمْ]
(To Allah is your return,) This is means your return on the Day of Judgment.
[وَهُوَ عَلَى كُلِّ
شَىْءٍ قَدِيرٌ]
(and He is able to do all things.) This means that He is capable of doing
whatever He wishes, whether it be goodness towards His Awliya' (friends and
allies), or vengeance upon His enemies. This also includes His ability to repeat
the creation of His creatures on the Day of Resurrection. This section
encourages fear, just as the previous section encourages hope.
[أَلا إِنَّهُمْ
يَثْنُونَ صُدُورَهُمْ لِيَسْتَخْفُواْ مِنْهُ أَلا حِينَ يَسْتَغْشُونَ
ثِيَابَهُمْ يَعْلَمُ مَا يُسِرُّونَ وَمَا يُعْلِنُونَ إِنَّهُ عَلِيمٌ بِذَاتِ
الصُّدُورِ ]
(5. No doubt! They did fold up their breasts, that they may hide from Him.
Surely, even when they cover themselves with their garments, He knows what they
conceal and what they reveal. Verily, He is the All-Knower of the (innermost
secrets) of the breasts.)
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