Here Allah, may He be glorified, shows His Messenger the correct etiquette
when determining to do something in the future; this should always be referred
to the will of Allah, the Knower of the Unseen, Who knows what was and what is
yet to be and what is not to be, and how it will be if it is to be. It was
recorded in the Two Sahihs that Abu Hurayrah said that the Messenger of Allah
said:
«قَالَ سُلَيْمَانُ
بْنُ دَاوُدَ عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلَامُ: لَأَطُوفَنَّ اللَّيْلَةَ عَلَى سَبْعِينَ
امْرَأَةً وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ: تِسْعِينَ امْرَأَةً، وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ: مِائَةِ
امْرَأَةٍ تَلِدُ كُلُّ امْرَأَةٍ مِنْهُنَّ غُلَامًا يُقَاتِلُ فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ،
فَقِيلَ لَهُ وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ قَالَ لَهُ الْمَلَكُ: قُلْ إِنْ شَاءَ اللهُ، فَلَمْ
يَقُلْ، فَطَافَ بِهِنَّ فَلَمْ تَلِدْ مِنْهُنَّ إِلَّا امْرَأَةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ
نِصْفَ إِنْسَانٍ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِصلى الله عليه وسلّم: وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي
بِيَدِهِ، لَوْ قَالَ إِنْ شَاءَ اللهُ لَمْ يَحْنَثْ، وَكَانَ دَرَكًا
لِحَاجَتِه»
وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ:
«وَلَقَاتَلُوا فِي
سَبِيلِ اللهِ فُرْسَانًا أَجْمَعُون»
(Sulayman bin Dawud (peace be upon them both) said: "Tonight I will go around
to seventy women [according to some reports, it was ninety or one hundred women]
so that each one of them will give birth to a son who will fight for the sake of
Allah.'' It was said to him, [according to one report, the angel said to him]
"Say: `If Allah wills'", but he did not say it. He went around to the women but
none of them gave birth except for one who gave birth to a half-formed child.)
The Messenger of Allah said, (By the One in Whose hand is my soul, had he said,
"If Allah wills,'' he would not have broken his oath, and that would have helped
him to attain what he wanted. ) According to another report, (They would all
have fought as horsemen in the cause of Allah.) At the beginning of this Surah
we discussed the reason why this Ayah was revealed: when the Prophet was asked
about the story of the people of the Cave, he said, "I will tell you tomorrow.''
Then the revelation was delayed for fifteen days. Since we discussed this at
length at the beginning of the Surah, there is no need to repeat it here.
[وَاذْكُر رَّبَّكَ
إِذَا نَسِيتَ]
(And remember your Lord when you forget) It was said that this means, if you
forget to say "If Allah wills", then say it when you remember. This was the view
of Abu Al-`Aliyah and Al-Hasan Al-Basri. Hushaym reported from Al-A`mash from
Mujahid that concerning a man who swears an oath, Ibn `Abbas said "He may say
`If Allah wills' even if it is a year later.'' Ibn `Abbas used to interpret this
Ayah:
[وَاذْكُر رَّبَّكَ
إِذَا نَسِيتَ]
(And remember your Lord when you forget) in this way. Al-A`mash was asked,
"Did you hear this from Mujahid" He said, "Layth bin Abi Salim told it to me.''
The meaning of Ibn `Abbas' view, that a person may say "If Allah wills'', even
if it is a year later, is that if he forgets to say it when he makes the oath or
when he speaks, and he remembers it later, even a year later, the Sunnah is that
he should say it, so that he will still be following the Sunnah of saying "If
Allah wills'', even if that is after breaking his oath. This was also the view
of Ibn Jarir, but he stated that this does not make up for breaking the oath or
mean that one is no longer obliged to offer expiation. What Ibn Jarir said is
correct, and it is more appropriate to understand the words of Ibn Abbas in this
way. And Allah knows best.
[وَلاَ تَقْولَنَّ
لِشَىْءٍ إِنِّى فَاعِلٌ ذلِكَ غَداً إِلاَّ أَن يَشَآءَ اللَّهُ وَاذْكُر رَّبَّكَ
إِذَا نَسِيتَ]
(And never say of anything, "I shall do such and such thing tomorrow.''
Except (with the saying), "If Allah wills!" And remember your Lord when you
forget) At-Tabarani recorded that Ibn `Abbas said that this meant saying, "If
Allah wills.''
[وَقُلْ عَسَى أَن
يَهْدِيَنِ رَبِّى لاًّقْرَبَ مِنْ هَـذَا رَشَدًا]
(and say: "It may be that my Lord guides me to a nearer way of truth than
this.'') meaning, `if you (O Prophet) are asked about something you know nothing
about, ask Allah about it, and turn to Him so that He may guide you to what is
right.' And Allah knows best.
[وَلَبِثُواْ فِى
كَهْفِهِمْ ثَلاثَ مِئَةٍ سِنِينَ وَازْدَادُواْ تِسْعًا - قُلِ اللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ
بِمَا لَبِثُواْ لَهُ غَيْبُ السَّمَـوَتِ وَالاٌّرْضِ أَبْصِرْ بِهِ وَأَسْمِعْ
مَا لَهُم مِّن دُونِهِ مِن وَلِىٍّ وَلاَ يُشْرِكُ فِى حُكْمِهِ أَحَدًا ]
(25. And they stayed in their cave three hundred years, adding nine.) (26.
Say: "Allah knows best how long they stayed. With Him is the unseen of the
heavens and the earth.'' How clearly He sees, and hears (everything)! They have
no protector other than Him, and He makes none to share in His decision and His
rule.)
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