Imam Ahmad narrated that Al-Harith Al-Ash`ari said that the Prophet of Allah said,
«إِنَّ اللهَ عَزَّوَجَلَّ أَمَرَ
يَحْيَى بْنَ زَكَرِيَّا عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ بِخَمْسِ كَلِمَاتٍ أَنْ يَعْمَلَ بِهِنَّ،
وَأَنْ يَأْمُرَ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ أَنْ يَعْمَلُوا بِهِنَّ وَأَنَّهُ كَادَ أَنْ
يُبْطِىءَ بِهَا،فَقَالَ لَهُ عِيسَى عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ: إِنَّكَ قَدْ أُمِرْتَ بِخَمْسِ
كَلِمَاتٍ أَنْ تَعْمَلَ بِهِنَّ وَتَأْمُرَ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ أَنْ يَعْمَلُوا بِهِنَّ
فَإِمَّا أَنْ تُبَلِّغَهُمْ وَإمَّا أَنْ أُبَلِّغَهُنَّ، فَقَالَ: يَا أَخِي إِنِّي
أَخْشَى إِنْ سَبَقْتَنِي أَنْ أُعَذَّبَ أَوْ يُخْسَفَ بِي قَالَ: فَجَمَعَ يَحْيَى
بْنُ زَكَرِيَّا بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ فِي بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ حَتَّى امْتَلَأَ الْمَسْجِدُ،
فَقَعَدَ عَلَى الشَّرَفِ فَحَمِدَ اللهَ وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ: إِنَّ اللهَ
أَمَرَنِي بِخَمْسِ كَلِمَاتٍ أَنْ أَعْمَلَ بِهِنَّ وَآمُرَكُمْ أَنْ تَعْمَلُوا بِهِنَّ
أَوَّلُهُنَّ: أَنْ تَعْبُدُوا اللهَ وَلَا تُشْرِكُوا بِهِ شَيْئًا، فَإِنَّ مَثَلَ
ذلِكَ كَمَثَلِ رَجُلٍ اشْتَرَى عَبْدًا مِنْ خَالِصِ مَالِهِ بِوَرِقٍ أَوْ ذَهَبٍ
فَجَعَلَ يَعْمَلُ وَيُؤَدِّي غَلَّتَهُ إِلى غَيْرِ سَيِّدِهِ، فَأَيُّكُمْ يَسُرُّهُ
أَنْ يَكُونَ عَبْدُهُ كَذلِكَ، وَإِنَّ اللهَ خَلَقَكُمْ وَرَزَقَكُمْ فَاعْبُدُوهُ
وَلَا تُشْرِكُوا بِهِ شَيْئًا. وَآمُرَكُمْ بِالصَّلَاةِ فَإِنَّ اللهَ يَنْصِبُ وَجْهَهُ
لِوَجْهِ عَبْدِهِ مَا لَمْ يَلْتَفِتْ فَإِذَا صَلَّيْتُمْ فَلَا تَلْتَفِتُوا. وَآمُرُكُمْ
بِالصِّيَامِ فَإِنَّ مَثَلَ ذلِكَ كَمَثَلِ رَجُلٍ مَعَهُ صُرَّةٌ مِنْ مِسْكٍ فِي
عِصَابَةٍ كُلُّهُمْ يَجِدُ رِيحَ الْمِسْكِ وَإِنَّ خَلُوفَ فَمِ الصَّائِم أَطْيَبُ
عِنْدَ اللهِ مِنْ رِيحِ الْمِسْكِ. وَآمُرُكُمْ بِالصَّدَقَةِ فَإِنَّ مَثَلَ ذلِكَ
كَمَثَلِ رَجُلٍ أَسَرَهُ الْعَدُوُّ فَشَدُّوا يَدَيْهِ إِلى عُنُقِهِ وَقَدَّمُوهُ
لِيَضْرِبُوا عُنُقَهُ فَقَالَ لَهُمْ: هَلْ لَكُمْ أَنْ أَفْتَدِيَ نَفْسِي مِنْكُمْ
فَجَعَلَ يَفْتَدِي نَفْسَهُ مِنْهُمْ بِالْقَلِيلِ وَالْكَثِيرِ حَتَّى فَكَّ نَفْسَهُ.وَآمُرُكُمْ
بِذِكْرِ اللهِ كَثِيرًا وَإِنَّ مَثَلَ ذلِكَ كَمَثَلِ رَجُلِ طَلَبَهُ الْعَدُوُّ
سِرَاعًا فِي أَثَرِهِ فَأَتَى حِصْنًا حَصِينًا فَتَحَصَّنَ فِيهِ وَإِنَّ الْعَبْدَأَحْصَنَ
مَا يَكُونُ مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ إِذَا كَانَ فِي ذِكْرِ الله»
(Allah commanded Yahya bin Zakariya to implement five commands and to order the
Children of Israel to implement them, but Yahya was slow in carrying out these commands.
`Isa said to Yahya, `You were ordered to implement five commands and to order the
Children of Israel to implement them. So either order, or I will do it.' Yahya said,
'My brother! I fear that if you do it before me, I will be punished or the earth
will be shaken under my feet.' Hence, Yahya bin Zakariya called the Children of
Israel to Bayt Al-Maqdis (Jerusalem), until they filled the Masjid. He sat on the
balcony, thanked Allah and praised him and then said, `Allah ordered me to implement
five commandments and that I should order you to adhere to them. The first is that
you worship Allah alone and not associate any with Him. The example of this command
is the example of a man who bought a servant from his money with paper or gold.
The servant started to work for the master, but was paying the profits to another
person. Who among you would like his servant to do that Allah created you and sustains
you. Therefore, worship Him alone and do not associate anything with Him. I also
command you to pray, for Allah directs His Face towards His servant's face, as long
as the servant does not turn away. So when you pray, do not turn your heads to and
fro. I also command you to fast. The example of it is the example of a man in a
group of men and he has some musk wrapped in a piece of cloth, and consequently,
all of the group smells the scent of the wrapped musk. Verily, the odor of the mouth
of a fasting person is better before Allah than the scent of musk. I also command
you to give charity. The example of this is the example of a man who was captured
by the enemy. They tied his hands to his neck and brought him forth to cut off his
neck. He said to them, 'Can I pay a ransom for myself' He kept ransoming himself
with small and large amounts until he liberated himself. I also command you to always
remember Allah. The example of this deed is that of a man who the enemy is tirelessly
pursuing. He takes refuge in a fortified fort. When the servant remembers Allah,
he will be resorting to the best refuge from Satan.)
Al-Harith then narrated that the Messenger of Allah said,
«وَأَنَا آمُرُكُمْ بِخَمْسٍ اللهُ
أَمَرَنِي بِهِنَّ: الْجَمَاعَةِ وَالسَّمْعِ وَالطَّاعَةِ وَالْهِجْرَةِ وَالْجِهَادِ
فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ. فَإِنَّهُ مَنْ خَرَجَ مِنَ الْجَمَاعَةِ قِيدَ شِبْرٍ فَقَدْ خَلَعَ
رَبْقَةَ الْإِسْلَامِ مِنْ عُنُقِهِ إِلَّا أَنْ يُرَاجِعَ وَمَنْ دَعَا بِدَعْوَى
جَاهِلِيَّةٍ فَهُوَ مِنْ جُثَى جَهَنَّم»
قَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ وَإِنْ صَامَ وَصَلَّى؟ فَقَالَ:
«وَإِنَّ صَلَّى وَصَامَ وَزَعَمَ
أَنَّهُ مُسْلِمٌ، فَادْعُوا الْمُسْلِمِينَ بِأَسْمَائِهِمْ عَلَى مَا سَمَّاهُمُ
اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ الْمُسْلِمِينَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عِبَادَ الله»
(And I order you with five commandments that Allah has ordered me. Stick to the
Jama`ah (community of the faithful), listen and obey (your leaders) and perform
Hijrah (migration) and Jihad for the sake of Allah. Whoever abandons the Jama`ah,
even the distance of a hand span, will have removed the tie of Islam from his neck,
unless he returns. Whoever uses the slogans of Jahiliyah (the pre-Islamic period
of ignorance) he will be among those kneeling in Jahannam (Hellfire).) They said,
"O Messenger of Allah! Even if he prays and fasts'' He said, (Even if he prays,
fasts and claims to be Muslim. So call the Muslims with their names that Allah has
called them: `The Muslims, the believing servants of Allah.')
This is a Hasan Hadith, and it contains the statement, "Allah has created and sustains
you, so worship Him and do not associate anything with Him in worship.'' This statement
is relevant in the Ayat (2:21-22) we are discussing here and supports singling Allah
in worship, without partners.
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