Allah informs of what happened when Musa returned to his people and saw the
great matter that had taken place among them. With this he became filled with
anger and he threw down the Divine Tablets that he had in his hand. Then, he
grabbed his brother Harun by his head and pulled him towards himself. We
expounded upon this previously in Surat Al-A`raf, where we mentioned the Hadith,
«لَيْسَ الْخَبَرُ
كَالْمُعَايَنَة»
(Information is not the same as observation.) Then, he began to blame his
brother, Harun, by saying,
[مَا مَنَعَكَ إِذْ
رَأَيْتَهُمْ ضَلُّواْأَلاَّ تَتَّبِعَنِ]
(What prevented you when you saw them going astray; that you followed me not)
meaning, "You should have informed me of this matter as soon as it happened.''
[أَفَعَصَيْتَ
أَمْرِى]
(Have you then disobeyed my order) "In that which I entrusted to you,''
referring to Musa's statement,
[اخْلُفْنِى فِى
قَوْمِى وَأَصْلِحْ وَلاَ تَتَّبِعْ سَبِيلَ الْمُفْسِدِينَ]
(Replace me among my people, act in the right way and follow not the way of
the mischief-makers.)[7:142]
[قَالَ
يَبْنَؤُمَّ]
(He (Harun) said: "O son of my mother!'') This mentioning of the mother was
Harun's attempt to soften Musa's anger, because he was Musa's biological brother
and they had the same parents. The mentioning of the mother here is more
delicate and profound in bringing about gentleness and mildness. This is why he
said,
[يَبْنَؤُمَّ لاَ
تَأْخُذْ بِلِحْيَتِى وَلاَ بِرَأْسِى]
(O son of my mother! Seize (me) not by my beard, nor by my head!) This was
Harun's excuse to Musa for being delayed from coming to him and informing him of
the great mishap that took place. He said,
[إِنِّى
خَشِيتُ]
(Verily, I feared) meaning, "I was afraid to come after you and inform you of
this, because I thought you might accuse me of leaving them alone and causing
division between them.''
[وَلَمْ تَرْقُبْ
قَوْلِى]
(and you have not respected my word!) This means, "And you did not take care
of what I commanded you to do when I left you in charge of them.'' Ibn `Abbas
said, "Harun was respectful and obedient to Musa.''
[قَالَ فَمَا
خَطْبُكَ يسَـمِرِيُّ - قَالَ بَصُرْتُ بِمَا لَمْ يَبْصُرُواْ بِهِ فَقَبَضْتُ
قَبْضَةً مِّنْ أَثَرِ الرَّسُولِ فَنَبَذْتُهَا وَكَذلِكَ سَوَّلَتْ لِى نَفْسِى -
قَالَ فَاذْهَبْ فَإِنَّ لَكَ فِى الْحَيَوةِ أَن تَقُولَ لاَ مِسَاسَ وَإِنَّ لَكَ
مَوْعِداً لَّن تُخْلَفَهُ وَانظُرْ إِلَى إِلَـهِكَ الَّذِى ظَلْتَ عَلَيْهِ
عَاكِفاً لَّنُحَرِّقَنَّهُ ثُمَّ لَنَنسِفَنَّهُ فِى الْيَمِّ نَسْفاً - إِنَّمَآ
إِلَـهُكُمُ اللَّهُ الَّذِى لا إِلَـهَ إِلاَّ هُوَ وَسِعَ كُلَّ شَىْءٍ عِلْماً
]
(95. (Musa) said: "And what is the matter with you. O Samiri'') (96. (Samiri)
said: "I saw what they saw not, so I took a (Qabdah) handful (of dust) from the
(hoof) print of the messenger and threw it. Thus my inner self suggested to
me.'') (97. Musa said: "Then go away! And verily, your (punishment) in this life
will be that you will say: `Touch me not;' and verily, you have a promise that
will not fail. And look at your god to which you have been devoted. We will
certainly burn it, and scatter its particles in the sea.'') (98. Your God is
only Allah, there is no God but Him. He has full knowledge of all things.)
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