Allah tells us of Fir`awn's disbelief and wrongdoing, and how he falsely
claimed divinity for his evil self, may Allah curse him.
[فَاسْتَخَفَّ
قَوْمَهُ فَأَطَاعُوهُ]
(Thus he fooled his people, and they obeyed him.) [43:54] He called on his
people to recognize his divinity, and they responded, because of their weak and
foolish minds. So, he said:
[يأَيُّهَا الْملأ
مَا عَلِمْتُ لَكُمْ مِّنْ إِلَـهٍ غَيْرِى]
(O chiefs! I know not that you have a god other than me.) Allah tells us
about Fir`awn:
[فَحَشَرَ فَنَادَى -
فَقَالَ أَنَاْ رَبُّكُمُ الاٌّعْلَى - فَأَخَذَهُ اللَّهُ نَكَالَ الاٌّخِرَةِ
وَالاٍّوْلَى - إِنَّ فِى ذَلِكَ لَعِبْرَةً لِّمَن يَخْشَى ]
(Then he gathered (his people) and cried aloud, saying: "I am your lord, most
high.'' So Allah, seized him with punishment for his last and first
transgression. Verily, in this is an instructive admonition for whosoever fears
Allah.) (79:23-26) meaning: he brought his people together and called to them in
a loud voice, shouting that, and they responded to him obediently. So Allah took
revenge on him, and made him a lesson to others in this world and the Hereafter.
He even confronted Musa with that, and said:
[لَئِنِ اتَّخَذْتَ
إِلَـهَاً غَيْرِى لأَجْعَلَنَّكَ مِنَ الْمَسْجُونِينَ]
(If you choose a god other than me, I will certainly put you among the
prisoners) (26:29).
[فَأَوْقِدْ لِى
يَهَـمَـنُ عَلَى الطِّينِ فَاجْعَل لِّى صَرْحاً لَّعَلِّى أَطَّلِعُ إِلَى
إِلَـهِ مُوسَى]
(So kindle for me (a fire), O Haman, to bake (bricks out of) clay, and set up
for me a Sarh in order that I may look at the God of Musa;) He commanded his
minister and adviser Haman to bake bricks for him, i.e., to make bricks in order
to build a Sarh, a exalted towering palace. This is like the Ayah,
[وَقَالَ فَرْعَوْنُ
يهَـمَـنُ ابْنِ لِى صَرْحاً لَّعَـلِّى أَبْلُغُ الاٌّسْبَـبَ - أَسْبَـبَ
السَّمَـوَتِ فَأَطَّلِعَ إِلَى إِلَـهِ مُوسَى وَإِنِّى لاّظُنُّهُ كَـذِباً
وَكَـذَلِكَ زُيِّنَ لِفِرْعَوْنَ سُوءُ عَمَلِهِ وَصُدَّ عَنِ السَّبِيلِ وَمَا
كَـيْدُ فِرْعَوْنَ إِلاَّ فِى تَبَابٍ ]
(And Fir`awn said: "O Haman! Build me a Sarh that I may arrive at the ways --
the ways of the heavens, and I may look upon the God of Musa, but verily, I
think him to be a liar.'' Thus it was made fair seeming, in Fir`awn's eyes, the
evil of his deeds, and he was hindered from the path; and the plot of Fir`awn
led to nothing but loss and destruction) (40:36-37). Fir`awn built this tower,
which was the highest structure ever seen on earth, because he wanted to show
his people that Musa was lying when he claimed that there was a God other than
Fir`awn. Fir`awn said:
[وَإِنِّى لأَظُنُّهُ
مِنَ الْكَـذِبِينَ]
(and verily, I think that he (Musa) is one of the liars.) meaning, `when he
says that there is a lord other than me.' The issue was not whether Allah had
sent Musa, because he did not acknowledge the existence of the Creator in the
first place. On the contrary, he said:
[وَمَا رَبُّ
الْعَـلَمِينَ]
(And what is the Lord of Al-`Alamin) (26:23) and:
[لَئِنِ اتَّخَذْتَ
إِلَـهَاً غَيْرِى لأَجْعَلَنَّكَ مِنَ الْمَسْجُونِينَ]
(If you choose a god other than me, I will certainly put you among the
prisoners.) (26:29) and he said:
[يأَيُّهَا الْملأ
مَا عَلِمْتُ لَكُمْ مِّنْ إِلَـهٍ غَيْرِى]
(O chiefs! I know not that you have a god other than me.) This was the view
of Ibn Jarir.
[وَاسْتَكْبَرَ هُوَ
وَجُنُودُهُ فِى الاٌّرْضِ بِغَيْرِ الْحَقِّ وَظَنُّواْ أَنَّهُمْ إِلَيْنَا لاَ
يُرْجَعُونَ ]
(And he and his armies were arrogant in the land, without right, and they
thought that they would never return to Us.) means, they were arrogant
oppressors who spread much mischief in the land, and they believed that there
would be no Resurrection.
[فَصَبَّ عَلَيْهِمْ
رَبُّكَ سَوْطَ عَذَابٍ - إِنَّ رَبَّكَ لَبِالْمِرْصَادِ ]
(So, your Lord poured on them different kinds of severe torment. Verily, your
Lord is Ever Watchful (over them).) (89:13-14). Allah says here:
[فَأَخَذْنَـهُ
وَجُنُودَهُ فَنَبَذْنَـهُمْ فِى الْيَمِّ]
(So, We seized him and his armies, and We threw them all into the sea.)
meaning, `We drowned them in the sea in a single morning, and not one of them
was left.'
[فَانظُرْ كَيْفَ
كَانَ عَـقِبَةُ الظَّـلِمِينَوَجَعَلْنَـهُمْ أَئِمَّةً يَدْعُونَ إِلَى
النَّارِ]
(So, behold what was the end of the wrongdoers. And We made them leaders
inviting to the Fire) for those who followed them and took the same path as they
did, rejecting the Messengers and denying the Creator.
[وَيَوْمَ
الْقِيـمَةِ لاَ يُنصَرُونَ]
(and on the Day of Resurrection, they will not be helped.) their humiliation
in this world is combined with and connected to their humiliation in the
Hereafter, as Allah says:
[أَهْلَكْنَـهُمْ
فَلاَ نَـصِرَ لَهُمْ]
(We have destroyed them. And there was none to help them) (47:13).
[وَأَتْبَعْنَـهُم
فِى هَذِهِ الدُّنْيَا لَعْنَةً]
(And We made a curse to follow them in this world,) Allah decreed that they
and their king Fir`awn should be cursed by the believers among His servants who
follow His Messengers, just as in this world they were cursed by the Prophets
and their followers.
[وَيَوْمَ
القِيَـمَةِ هُمْ مِّنَ الْمَقْبُوحِينَ]
(and on the Day of Resurrection, they will be among disgraced.) Qatadah said,
"This Ayah is like the Ayah,
[وَأُتْبِعُواْ فِى
هَـذِهِ لَعْنَةً وَيَوْمَ الْقِيَـمَةِ بِئْسَ الرِّفْدُ الْمَرْفُودُ ]
(They were pursued by a curse in this (life) and on the Day of Resurrection.
Evil indeed is the gift given.) (11:99).''
[وَلَقَدْ ءَاتَيْنَا
مُوسَى الْكِتَـبَ مِن بَعْدِ مَآ أَهْلَكْنَا الْقُرُونَ الاٍّولَى بَصَآئِرَ
لِلنَّاسِ وَهُدًى وَرَحْمَةً لَّعَلَّهُمْ يَتَذَكَّرُونَ ]
(43. And indeed We gave Musa -- after We had destroyed the generations of old
-- the Scripture as an enlightenment for mankind, and a guidance and a mercy,
that they might remember.)
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