Allah tells us that the disbelievers of Quraysh said to those who believed
and followed the truth: leave your religion, come back to our religion, and
follow our way;
[وَلْنَحْمِلْ
خَطَـيَـكُمْ]
(and let us bear your sins.) meaning, `if there is any sin on you, we will
bear it and it will be our responsibility'. It is like a person saying: "Do
this, and your sin will be on my shoulders.'' Allah says, proving this to be a
lie:
[وَمَا هُمْ
بِحَـمِلِينَ مِنْ خَطَـيَـهُمْ مِّن شَىْءٍ إِنَّهُمْ لَكَـذِبُونَ]
(Never will they bear anything of their sins. Surely, they are liars.) in
their claim that they will bear the sins of others, for no person will bear the
sins of another. Allah says:
[وَإِن تَدْعُ
مُثْقَلَةٌ إِلَى حِمْلِهَا لاَ يُحْمَلْ مِنْهُ شَىْءٌ وَلَوْ كَانَ ذَا
قُرْبَى]
(and if one heavily laden calls another to (bear) his load, nothing of it
will be lifted even though he be near of kin) (35:18).
[وَلاَ يَسْـَلُ
حَمِيمٌ حَمِيماً يُبَصَّرُونَهُمْ]
(And no friend will ask a friend (about his condition), though they shall be
made to see one another) (70:10-11).
[وَلَيَحْمِلُنَّ
أَثْقَالَهُمْ وَأَثْقَالاً مَّعَ أَثْقَالِهِمْ]
(And verily, they shall bear their own loads, and other loads besides their
own.) Here Allah tells us that those who call others to disbelief and
misguidance will, on the Day of Resurrection, bear their own sins and the sins
of others, because of the people they misguided. Yet that will not detract from
the burden of those other people in the slightest, as Allah says:
[لِيَحْمِلُواْ
أَوْزَارَهُمْ كَامِلَةً يَوْمَ الْقِيَـمَةِ وَمِنْ أَوْزَارِ الَّذِينَ
يُضِلُّونَهُمْ بِغَيْرِ عِلْمٍ]
(That they may bear their own burdens in full on the Day of Resurrection, and
also of the burdens of those whom they misled without knowledge) (16:25). In the
Sahih, it says:
«مَنْ دَعَا إِلَى
هُدًى كَانَ لَهُ مِنَ الْأَجْرِ مِثْلُ أُجُورِ مَنِ اتَّبَعَهُ إِلَى يَوْمِ
الْقِيَامَةِ مِنْ غَيْرِ أَنْ يَنْقُصَ مِنْ أُجُورِهِمْ شَيْئًا، وَمَنْ دَعَا
إِلَى ضَلَالَةٍ كَانَ عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الْإثْمِ مِثْلُ آثَامِ مَنِ اتَّبَعَهُ إِلَى
يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ مِنْ غَيْرِ أَنْ يَنْقُصَ مِنْ آثَامِهِمْ شَيْئًا»
(Whoever calls others to true guidance, will have a reward like that of those
who follow him until the Day of Resurrection, without it detracting from their
reward in the slightest. Whoever calls others to misguidance, will have a burden
of sin like that of those who follow him until the Day of Resurrection, without
it detracting from their burden in the slightest.) In the Sahih, it also says:
«مَا قُتِلَتْ نَفْسٌ
ظُلْمًا إِلَّا كَانَ عَلَى ابْنِ آدَمَ الْأَوَّلِ كِفْلٌ مِنْ دَمِهَا، لِأَنَّهُ
أَوَّلُ مَنْ سَنَّ الْقَتْل»
(No person is killed unlawfully, but a share of the guilt will be upon the
first son of Adam, because he was the first one to initiate the idea of killing
another.)
[وَلَيُسْـَلُنَّ
يَوْمَ الْقِيَـمَةِ عَمَّا كَانُواْ يَفْتَرُونَ]
(and verily, they shall be questioned on the Day of Resurrection about that
which they used to fabricate.) means, the lies they used to tell and the
falsehood they used to fabricate. Ibn Abi Hatim recorded that Abu Umamah, may
Allah be pleased with him, said that the Messenger of Allah conveyed the Message
with which he was sent, then he said:
«إِيَّاكُمْ
وَالظُّلْمَ، فَإِنَّ اللهَ يَعْزِمُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ فَيَقُولُ: وَعِزَّتِي
وَجَلَالِي لَا يَجوزُنِي الْيَوْمَ ظُلْمٌ، ثُمَّ يُنَادِي مُنَادٍ فَيَقُولُ:
أَيْنَ فُلَانُ بْنُ فُلَانٍ؟ فَيَأْتِي يَتْبَعُهُ مِنَ الْحَسَنَاتِ أَمْثَالَ
الْجِبَالِ، فَيَشْخَصُ النَّاسُ إِلَيْهَا أَبْصَارَهُمْ، حَتَّى يَقُومَ بَيْنَ
يَدَيِ الرَّحْمنِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ، ثُمَّ يَأْمُرُ الْمُنَادِيَ فَيُنَادِي: مَنْ
كَانَتْ لَهُ تِبَاعَةٌ أَوْ ظَلَامَةٌ عِنْدَ فُلَانِ بْنِ فُلَانٍ فَهَلُمَّ،
فَيُقْبِلُونَ حَتَّى يَجْتَمِعُوا قِيَامًا بَيْنَ يَدَيِ الرَّحْمنِ، فَيَقُولُ
الرَّحْمنُ: اقْضُوا عَنْ عَبْدِي، فَيَقُولُونَ: كَيْفَ نَقْضِي عَنْهُ؟
فَيَقُولُ: خُذُوا لَهُمْ مِنْ حَسَنَاتِهِ، فَلَا يَزَالُونَ يَأْخُذُونَ مِنْهَا
حَتَّى لَا يَبْقَى مِنْهَا حَسَنَةٌ، وَقَدْ بَقِيَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ الظَّلَامَاتِ،
فَيَقُولُ: اقْضُوا عَنْ عَبْدِي، فَيَقُولُونَ: لَمْ يَبْقَ لَهُ حَسَنَةٌ،
فَيَقُولُ: خُذُوا مِنْ سَيِّئَاتِهِمْ فَاحْمِلُوهَا عَلَيْه»
(Beware of injustice, for Allah will swear an oath of the Day of Resurrection
and will say: "By My glory and majesty, no injustice will be overlooked today.''
Then a voice will call out, "Where is so-and-so the son of so-and-so'' He will
be brought forth, followed by his good deeds which appear like mountains while
the people are gazing at them in wonder, until he is standing before the Most
Merciful. Then the caller will be commanded to say: "Whoever is owed anything by
so-and-so the son of so-and-so, or has been wronged by him, let him come
forth.'' So they will come forth and gather before the Most Merciful, then the
Most Merciful will say: "Settle the matter for My servant.'' They will say, "How
can we settle the matter'' He will say, "Take from his good deeds and give it to
them.'' They will keep taking from his good deeds until there is nothing left,
and there will still people with scores to be settled. Allah will say, "Settle
the matter for My servant.'' They will say, "He does not have even one good deed
left.'' Allah will say, "Take from their evil deeds and give them to him.'')
Then the Prophet quoted this Ayah:
[وَلَيَحْمِلُنَّ
أَثْقَالَهُمْ وَأَثْقَالاً مَّعَ أَثْقَالِهِمْ وَلَيُسْـَلُنَّ يَوْمَ
الْقِيَـمَةِ عَمَّا كَانُواْ يَفْتَرُونَ ]
(And verily, they shall bear their own loads, and other loads besides their
own; and verily, they shall be questioned on the Day of Resurrection about that
which they used to fabricate.) There is a corroborating report in the Sahih with
a different chain of narration:
«إِنَّ الرَّجُلَ
لَيَأْتِي يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ بِحَسَنَاتٍ أَمْثَالِ الْجِبَالِ وَقَدْ ظَلَمَ
هَذَا، وَأَخَذَ مَالَ هَذَا، وَأَخَذَ مِنْ عِرْضِ هَذَا، فَيَأْخُذُ هَذَا مِنْ
حَسَنَاتِهِ، وَهَذَا مِنْ حَسَنَاتِهِ، فَإِذَا لَمْ تَبْقَ لَهُ حَسَنَةٌ، أُخِذَ
مِنْ سَيِّئَاتِهِمْ فَطُرِحَ عَلَيْه»
(A man will come on the Day of Resurrection with good deeds like mountains,
but he had wronged this one, taken the wealth of that one and slandered the
honor of another. So each of them will take from his good deeds. And if there is
nothing left of his good deeds, it will be taken from their evil and placed on
him.)
[وَلَقَدْ
أَرْسَلْنَا نُوحاً إِلَى قَوْمِهِ فَلَبِثَ فِيهِمْ أَلْفَ سَنَةٍ إِلاَّ
خَمْسِينَ عَاماً فَأَخَذَهُمُ الطُّوفَانُ وَهُمْ ظَـلِمُونَ - فأَنْجَيْنـهُ
وأَصْحَـبَ السَّفِينَةِ وَجَعَلْنَـهَآ ءَايَةً لِّلْعَـلَمِينَ ]
(14. And indeed We sent Nuh to his people, and he stayed among them a
thousand years less fifty years; so the Deluge overtook them while they were
wrongdoers.) (15. Then We saved him and the Companions of the Boat, and made it
an Ayah for all people.)
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