Allah said next,
﴿وَاعْتَصِمُواْ بِحَبْلِ اللَّهِ
جَمِيعاً وَلاَ تَفَرَّقُواْ﴾
(And hold fast, all of you together, to the Rope of Allah, and be not divided among
yourselves.) It was said that,
﴿بِحَبْلِ اللَّهِ﴾
(to the Rope of Allah) refers to Allah's covenant, just as Allah said in the following
Ayah,
﴿ضُرِبَتْ عَلَيْهِمُ الذِّلَّةُ أَيْنَ
مَا ثُقِفُواْ إِلاَّ بِحَبْلٍ مِّنْ اللَّهِ وَحَبْلٍ مِّنَ النَّاسِ﴾
(Indignity is put over them wherever they may be, except when under a covenant (of
protection) from Allah, and from men;) ﴿3:112﴾, in reference to pledges and peace
treaties.
Allah's statement
﴿وَلاَ تَفَرَّقُواْ﴾
(and be not divided among yourselves), orders sticking to the community of the believers
and forbids division. There are several Hadiths that require adhering to the Jama`ah
(congregation of believers) and prohibit division. Muslim recorded that Abu Hurayrah
said that the Messenger of Allah said,
«إِنَّ اللهَ يَرْضَى لَكُمْ ثَلَاثًا،
وَيَسْخَطُ لَكُمْ ثَلَاثًا: يَرْضَى لَكُمْ أَنْ تَعْبُدُوهُ وَلَا تُشْرِكُوا بِهِ
شَيْئًا، وَأَنْ تَعْتَصِمُوا بِحَبْلِ اللهِ جَمِيعًا وَلَا تَفَرَّقُوا،وَأَنْ تَنَاصَحُوا
مَنْ وَلَّاهُ اللهُ أَمْرَكُمْ. وَيَسْخَطُ لَكُمْ ثَلَاثًا: قِيلَ وَقَالَ، وَكَثْرَةَ
السُّؤَالِ، وَإِضَاعَةَ الْمَال»
(It pleases Allah for you to acquire three qualities and displeases Him that you
acquire three characteristics. It pleases Him that you worship Him Alone and not
associate anything or anyone with Him in worship, that you hold on to the Rope of
Allah altogether and do not divide, and that you advise whoever Allah appoints as
your Leader. The three that displease Him are that you say, `It was said,' and,
`So-and-so said,' asking many unnecessary questions and wasting money.)
Allah said,
﴿وَاذْكُرُواْ نِعْمَةَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ
إِذْ كُنتُم أَعْدَآءً فَأَلَّفَ بَيْنَ قُلُوبِكُمْ فَأَصْبَحْتُم بِنِعْمَتِهِ إِخْوَاناً﴾
(and remember Allah's favor on you, for you were enemies one to another but He joined
your hearts together, so that, by His grace, you became brethren) ﴿3:103﴾.
This was revealed about the Aws and Khazraj. During the time of Jahiliyyah, the
Aws and Khazraj were at war and had great hatred, enmity and ill feelings towards
each other, causing long conflicts and battles to occur between them. When Allah
brought Islam, those among them who embraced it became brothers who loved each other
by Allah's grace, having good ties for Allah's sake and helping each other in righteousness
and piety. Allah said,
﴿هُوَ الَّذِى أَيَّدَكَ بِنَصْرِهِ
وَبِالْمُؤْمِنِينَوَأَلَّفَ بَيْنَ قُلُوبِهِمْ لَوْ أَنفَقْتَ مَا فِى الاٌّرْضِ
جَمِيعاً مَّآ أَلَّفْتَ بَيْنَ قُلُوبِهِمْ وَلَـكِنَّ اللَّهَ أَلَّفَ بَيْنَهُمْ﴾
(He it is Who has supported you with His Help and with the believers. And He has
united their hearts. If you had spent all that is in the earth, you could not have
united their hearts, but Allah has united them)﴿8:62,63﴾, until the end of the Ayah.
Before Islam, their disbelief had them standing at the edge of a pit of the Fire,
but Allah saved them from it and delivered them to faith. The Messenger of Allah
reminded the Ansar ﴿from both Aws and Khazraj﴾ of this bounty when he was dividing
the war booty of Hunayn. During that time, some Ansar did not like the way the booty
was divided, since they did not get what the others did, although that was what
Allah directed His Prophet to do. The Messenger of Allah gave them a speech, in
which he said,
«يَا مَعْشَرَ الْأَنْصَارِ أَلَمْ
أَجِدْكُمْ ضُلَّالًا فَهَدَاكُمُ اللهُ بِي، وَكُنْتُمْ مُتَفَرِّقِينَ فَأَلَّفَكُمُ
اللهُ بِي، وَعَالَةً فَأَغْنَاكُمُ اللهُ بِي؟»
(O Ansar! Did I not find you misguided and Allah directed you to guidance because
of me Were you not divided beforehand and Allah united you around me Were you not
poor and Allah enriched you because of me)
Whenever the Prophet asked them a question, they would answer, "Indeed, Allah and
His Messenger have granted us bounty.''
﴿وَلْتَكُن مِّنْكُمْ
أُمَّةٌ يَدْعُونَ إِلَى الْخَيْرِ وَيَأْمُرُونَ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَيَنْهَوْنَ عَنِ
الْمُنْكَرِ وَأُوْلَـئِكَ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ - وَلاَ تَكُونُواْ كَالَّذِينَ تَفَرَّقُواْ
وَاخْتَلَفُواْ مِن بَعْدِ مَا جَآءَهُمُ الْبَيِّنَـتُ وَأُوْلَـئِكَ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ
عَظِيمٌ - يَوْمَ تَبْيَضُّ وُجُوهٌ وَتَسْوَدُّ وُجُوهٌ فَأَمَّا
الَّذِينَ اسْوَدَّتْ وُجُوهُهُمْ أَكْفَرْتُمْ بَعْدَ إِيمَـنِكُمْ فَذُوقُواْ الْعَذَابَ
بِمَا كُنْتُمْ تَكْفُرُونَ - وَأَمَّا الَّذِينَ ابْيَضَّتْ وُجُوهُهُمْ فَفِى رَحْمَةِ
اللَّهِ هُمْ فِيهَا خَـلِدُونَ - تِلْكَ ءَايَـتُ اللَّهِ نَتْلُوهَا عَلَيْكَ بِالْحَقِّ
وَمَا اللَّهُ يُرِيدُ ظُلْماً لِّلْعَـلَمِينَ ﴾
﴿وَللَّهِ مَا فِى السَّمَـوَتِ وَمَا
فِى الاٌّرْضِ وَإِلَى اللَّهِ تُرْجَعُ الاٍّمُورُ ﴾
(104.Let there arise out of you a group of people inviting to all that is good (Islam),
enjoining Al-Ma`ruf (all that Islam orders) and forbidding Al-Munkar (all that Islam
has forbidden). And it is they who are the successful.) (105. And be not as those
who divided and differed among themselves after the clear proofs had come to them.
It is they for whom there is an awful torment.) (106. On the Day (i.e. the Day of
Resurrection) when some faces will become white and some faces will become black;
as for those whose faces will become black (to them will be said): "Did you reject
faith after accepting it Then taste the torment (in Hell) for rejecting faith.'')
(107. And for those whose faces will become white, they will be in Allah's mercy
(Paradise), therein they shall dwell forever.) (108. These are the Ayat of Allah.
We recite them to you in truth, and Allah wills no injustice to the `Alamin.) (109.
And to Allah belongs all that is in the heavens and all that is in the earth. And
all matters go back (for decision) to Allah.)
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