Allah said,
﴿يَـأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ
اصْبِرُواْ وَصَابِرُواْ وَرَابِطُواْ﴾
(O you who believe! Endure and be more patient, and Rabitu) ﴿3:200﴾.
Al-Hasan Al-Basri said, "The believers are commanded to be patient in the religion
that Allah chose for them, Islam. They are not allowed to abandon it in times of
comfort or hardship, ease or calamity, until they die as Muslims. They are also
commanded to endure against their enemies, those who hid the truth about their religion.''
Similar explanation given by several other scholars among the Salaf.
As for Murabatah, it is to endure in acts of worship and perseverence. It also means
to await prayer after prayer, as Ibn `Abbas, Sahl bin Hanif and Muhammad bin Ka`b
Al-Qurazi stated. Ibn Abi Hatim collected a Hadith that was also collected by Muslim
and An-Nasa'i from Abu Hurayrah that the Prophet said,
«أَلَا أُخْبِرُكُمْ بِمَا
يَمْحُو اللهُ بِهِ الْخَطَايَا، وَيَرْفَعُ بِهِ الدَّرَجَاتِ؟ إِسْباغُ الوُضُوءِ
عَلَى الْمَكَارِهِ، وَكَثْرَةُ الْخُطَا إِلَى الْمَسَاجِدِ، وَانْتِظَارُ الصَّلَاةِ
بَعْدَ الصَّلَاةِ، فَذلِكُمُ الرِّبَاطُ، فَذلِكُمُ الرِّبَاطُ، فَذلِكُمُ الرِّبَاط»
(Should I tell you about actions with which Allah forgives sins and raises the grade
Performing perfect ablution in unfavorable conditions, the many steps one takes
to the Masajid, and awaiting prayer after the prayer, for this is the Ribat, this
is the Ribat, this is the Ribat.)
They also say that the Murabatah in the above Ayah refers to battles against the
enemy, and manning Muslim outposts to protect them from enemy incursions inside
Muslim territory. There are several Hadiths that encourage Murabatah and mention
its rewards. Al-Bukhari recorded that Sahl bin Sa`d As-Sa`idi said that the Messenger
of Allah said,
«رِبَاطُ يَوْمٍ فِي سَبِيلِ
اللهِ خَيْرٌ مِنَ الدُّنْيَا وَمَا عَلَيْهَا»
(A Day of Ribat in the cause of Allah is better than this life and all that is in
it.)
Muslim recorded that Salman Al-Farisi said that the Messenger of Allah said,
«رِبَاطُ يَوْمٍ وَلَيْلَةٍ
خَيْرٌ مِنْ صِيَامِ شَهْرٍ وَقِيامِهِ، وَإِنْ مَاتَ جَرَى عَلَيْهِ عَمَلُهُ الَّذِي
كَانَ يَعْمَـــــــلُهُ، وَأُجْرِيَ عَلَيْهِ رِزْقُــــهُ، وَأَمِنَ الْفَتَّان»
(Ribat for a day and a night is better than fasting the days of a month and its
Qiyam (voluntary prayer at night). If one dies in Ribat, his regular righteous deeds
that he used to perform will keep being added to his account, and he will receive
his provision, and will be saved from the trials of the grave.)
Imam Ahmad recorded that Fadalah bin `Ubayd said that he heard the Messenger of
Allah saying,
«كُلُّ مَيِّتٍ يُخْتَمُ
عَلى عَمَلِهِ إِلَّا الَّذِي مَاتَ مُرَابِطًا فِي سَبِيل اللهِ،فَإِنَّهُ يَنْمِي
لَهُ عَمَلُهُ إِلى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ، وَيَأْمَنُ فِتْنَةَ الْقَبْر»
(Every dead person will have his record of deeds sealed, except for whoever dies
while in Ribat in the cause of Allah, for his work will keep increasing until the
Day of Resurrection, and he will be safe from the trial of the grave.)
This is the same narration collected by Abu Dawud and At-Tirmidhi, who said, "Hasan
Sahih''. Ibn Hibban also collected this Hadith in his Sahih. fAt-Tirmidhi recorded
that Ibn `Abbas said that he heard the Messenger of Allah saying,
«عَيْنَانِ لَا تَمَسُّهُمَا
النَّارُ: عَيْنٌ بَكَتْ مِنْ خَشْيَةِ اللهِ، وَعَيْنٌ بَاتَتْ تَحْرُسُ فِي سَبِيلِ
الله»
(Two eyes shall not be touched by the Fire: an eye that cried for fear from Allah
and an eye that spent the night guarding in Allah's cause.)
Al-Bukhari recorded in his Sahih that Abu Hurayrah said that the Messenger of Allah
said,
«تَعِسَ عَبْدُالدِّينَارِ
وَعَبْدُالدِّرْهَمِ وَعَبْدُالْخَمِيصَةِ، إِنْ أُعْطِيَ رَضِيَ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يُعْطَ
سَخِطَ، تَعِسَ وَانْتَكَسَ، وَإِذَا شِيكَ فَلَا انْتَقَشَ، طُوبَى لِعَبْدٍ آخِذٍ
بِعِنَانِ فَرَسِهِ فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ، أَشْعَثَ رَأْسُهُ، مُغْبَرَّةٍ قَدَمَاهُ،
إِنْ كَانَ فِي الْحِرَاسَةِ كَانَ فِي الْحِرَاسَةِ، وَإِنْ كَانَ فِي السَّاقَةِ
كَانَ فِي السَّاقَةِ، إِنِ اسْتَأْذَنَ لَمْ يُؤْذَنْ لَهُ، وَإِنْ شَفَعَ لَمْ يُشَفَّع»
(Let the servant of the Dinar, the servant of the Dirham and the servant of the
Khamisah (of clothes) perish, as he is pleased if these things are given to him,
and if not, he is displeased. Let such a person perish and be humiliated, and if
he is pierced with a thorn, let him not find anyone to take it out for him. Paradise
is for him who holds the reins of his horse, striving in Allah's cause, with his
hair unkempt and feet covered with dust: if he is appointed to the vanguard, he
is perfectly satisfied with his post of guarding, and if he is appointed in the
rearguard, he accepts his post with satisfaction; if he asks for permission he is
not permitted, and if he intercedes, his intercession is not accepted.)
Ibn Jarir recorded that Zayd bin Aslam said, "Abu `Ubaydah wrote to `Umar bin Al-Khattab
and mentioned to him that the Romans were mobilizing their forces. `Umar wrote back,
`Allah will soon turn whatever hardship a believing servant suffers, to ease, and
no hardship shall ever overcome two types of ease. Allah says in His Book,
﴿يَـأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ
اصْبِرُواْ وَصَابِرُواْ وَرَابِطُواْ وَاتَّقُواْ اللَّهَ لَعَلَّكُمْ تُفْلِحُونَ
﴾
(O you who believe! Endure and be more patient, and Rabitu, and have Taqwa of Allah,
so that you may be successful)' ﴿3:200﴾."
Al-Hafiz Ibn `Asakir mentioned in the biography of `Abdullah bin Al-Mubarak, that
Muhammad bin Ibrahim bin Abi Sakinah said, "While in the area of Tarsus, `Abdullah
bin Al-Mubarak dictated this poem to me when I was greeting him goodbye. He sent
the poem with me to Al-Fudayl bin `Iyad in the year one hundred and seventy, `O
he who worships in the vicinity of the Two Holy Masjids! If you but see us, you
will realize that you are only jesting in worship. He who brings wetness to his
cheek with his tears, should know that our necks are being wet by our blood. He
who tires his horses without purpose, know that our horses are getting tired in
battle. Scent of perfume is yours, while our scent is the glimmer of spears and
the stench of dust ﴿in battle﴾. We were narrated about in the speech of our Prophet,
an authentic statement that never lies. That the dust that erupts by Allah's horses
and which fills the nostrils of a man shall never be combined with the smoke of
a raging Fire. This, the Book of Allah speaks among us that the martyr is not dead,
and the truth in Allah's Book cannot be denied.' I met Al-Fudayl Ibn `Iyad in the
Sacred Masjid and gave him the letter. When he read it, his eyes became tearful
and he said, `Abu `Abdur-Rahman (`Abdullah bin Al-Mubarak) has said the truth and
offered sincere advice to me.' He then asked me, `Do you write the Hadith' I said,
`Yes.' He said, `Write this Hadith as reward for delivering the letter of Abu `Abdur-Rahman
to me. He then dictated, `Mansur bin Al-Mu`tamir narrated to us that Abu Salih narrated
from Abu Hurayrah that a man asked, `O Messenger of Allah! Teach me a good deed
that will earn me the reward of the Mujahidin in Allah's cause.' The Prophet said,
«هَلْ تَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ تُصَلِّيَ
فَلَا تَفْتُرَ،وَتَصُومَ فَلَا تُفْطِرَ؟»
(Are you able to pray continuously and fast without breaking the fast) The man said,
`O Messenger of Allah! I cannot bear it.' The Prophet said,
«فَوَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ
لَوْ طُوِّقْتَ ذلِكَ مَا بَلَغْتَ الْمُجَاهِدِينَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ، أَوَ مَا عَلِمْتَ
أَنَّ فَرَسَ الْمُجَاهِدِ لَيَسْتَنُّ فِي طِوَلِهِ، فَيُكْتَبُ لَهُ بِذلِكَ الْحَسَنَات»
(By He in Whose Hand is my soul! Even if you were able to do it, you will not achieve
the grade of the Mujahidin in Allah's cause. Did you not know that the horse of
the Mujahid earns rewards for him as long as it lives.)
Allah said next,
﴿وَاتَّقُواْ اللَّهَ﴾
(and have Taqwa of Allah), concerning all your affairs and situations. For instance,
the Prophet said to Mu`adh when he sent him to Yemen,
«اتَّقِ اللهَ حَيْثُمَا
كُنْتَ، وَأَتْبِعِ السَّيِّـئَــةَ الْحَسَنَةَ تَمْحُهَا، وَخَالِقِ النَّاسَ بِخُلُقٍ
حَسَن»
(Have Taqwa of Allah wherever you may be, follow the evil deed with a good deed
and it will erase it, and deal with people in a good manner.)
Allah said next,
﴿لَعَلَّكُمْ تُفْلِحُونَ﴾
(so that you may be successful.), in this life and the Hereafter. Ibn Jarir recorded
that Muhammad bin Ka`b Al-Qurazi said that, Allah's statement,
﴿وَاتَّقُواْ اللَّهَ لَعَلَّكُمْ
تُفْلِحُونَ﴾
(and have Taqwa of Allah, so that you may be successful.) means, "Fear Me concerning
what is between you and Me, so that you may acquire success when you meet Me tomorrow.''
The Tafsir of Surah Al `Imran ends here, all praise is due to Allah, and we ask
Him that we die while on the path of the Qur'an and Sunnah, Amin.
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