Allah commands His creatures to have Taqwa of Him by worshipping Him Alone without
partners. He also reminds to them of His ability, in that He created them all from
a single person, Adam, peace be unto him.
﴿وَخَلَقَ مِنْهَا زَوْجَهَا﴾
(And from him He created his wife) Hawwa' (Eve), who was created from Adam's left
rib, from his back while he was sleeping. When Adam woke up and saw Hawwa', he liked
her and had affection for her, and she felt the same toward him. An authentic Hadith
states,
«إِنَّ الْمَرْأَةَ خُلِقَتْ مِنْ
ضِلَعٍ، وَإِنَّ أَعْوَجَ شَيْءٍ فِي الضِّلَعِ أَعْلَاهُ، فَإِنْ ذَهَبْتَ تُقِيمُهُ
كَسَرْتَهُ، وَإِنِ اسْتَمْتَعْتَ بِهَا اسْتَمْتَعْتَ بِهَا وَفِيهَا عِوَج»
(Woman was created from a rib. Verily, the most curved portion of the rib is its
upper part, so, if you should try to straighten it, you will break it, but if you
leave it as it is, it will remain crooked.) Allah's statement,
﴿وَبَثَّ مِنْهُمَا رِجَالاً كَثِيراً
وَنِسَآءً﴾
(And from them both He created many men and women;) means, Allah created from Adam
and Hawwa' many men and women and distributed them throughout the world in various
shapes, characteristics, colors and languages. In the end, their gathering and return
will be to Allah. Allah then said,
﴿وَاتَّقُواْ اللَّهَ الَّذِى تَسَآءَلُونَ
بِهِ وَالاٌّرْحَامَ﴾
(And have Taqwa of Allah through Whom you demand your mutual (rights) and revere
the wombs), protect yourself from Allah by your acts of obedience to Him. Allah's
statement,
﴿الَّذِى تَسَآءَلُونَ بِهِ﴾
(through Whom you demand your mutual (rights)), is in reference to when some people
say, "I ask you by Allah, and then by the relation of the Rahim (the womb, i.e.
my relationship to you)'', according to Ibrahim, Mujahid and Al-Hasan. Ad-Dahhak
said; "Fear Allah Whom you invoke when you conduct transactions and contracts.''
"And revere the womb by not cutting the relations of the womb, but keep and honor
them, as Ibn `Abbas, `Ikrimah, Mujahid, Al-Hasan, Ad-Dahhak, Ar-Rabi`, and others
have stated. Allah's statement,
﴿إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ عَلَيْكُمْ رَقِيباً﴾
(Surely, Allah is always watching over you.) means, He watches all your deeds and
sees your every circumstance. In another Ayah, Allah said;
﴿وَاللَّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَىْءٍ شَهِيدٌ﴾
(And Allah is Witness over all things.) ﴿58:6﴾. An authentic Hadith states,
«اعْبُدِاللهَ كَأَنَّكَ تَرَاهُ،
فَإِنْ لَمْ تَكُنْ تَرَاهُ،فَإِنَّهُ يَرَاك»
(Worship Allah as if you see Him, for even though you cannot see Him, He sees you.)
This part of the Ayah encourages having a sense of certainty that Allah is always
watching, in a complete and perfect manner. Allah mentioned that He has created
mankind from a single father and a single mother, so that they feel compassion for
each other and are kind to the weaker among them. In his Sahih, Muslim recorded
that Jarir bin `Abdullah Al-Bajali said that a delegation from Mudar came to the
Messenger of Allah , and he saw their state, wearing striped woolen clothes due
to poverty. After the Zuhr prayer, the Messenger of Allah stood up and gave a speech
in which he recited,
﴿يَـأَيُّهَا النَّاسُ
اتَّقُواْ رَبَّكُمُ الَّذِى خَلَقَكُمْ مِّن نَّفْسٍ وَٰحِدَةٍ﴾
(O mankind! Have Taqwa of your Lord, Who created you from a single person,) until
the end of the Ayah. He also recited,
﴿يأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ اتَّقُواْ اللَّهَ وَلْتَنظُرْ
نَفْسٌ مَّا قَدَّمَتْ لِغَدٍ﴾
(O you who believe! Have Taqwa of Allah. And let every person look to what he has
sent forth for the tomorrow) ﴿59:18﴾. He also encouraged them to give charity, saying,
«تَصَدَّقَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ دِينَارِهِ،
مِنْ دِرْهَمِهِ، مِنْ صَاعِ بُرِّهِ، مِنْ صَاعِ تَمْرِه»
(A man gave Sadaqah from his Dinar, from his Dirham, from his Sa` of wheat, from
his Sa` of dates) until the end of the Hadith. This narration was also collected
by Ahmad and the Sunan compilers from Ibn Mas`ud.
﴿وَءَاتُواْ الْيَتَـمَى
أَمْوَلَهُمْ وَلاَ تَتَبَدَّلُواْ الْخَبِيثَ بِالطَّيِّبِ وَلاَ تَأْكُلُواْ أَمْوَٰلَهُمْ
إِلَى أَمْوَٰلِكُمْ
إِنَّهُ كَانَ حُوباً كَبِيراً - وَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَلاَّ تُقْسِطُواْ فِى الْيَتَٰـمَى
فَانكِحُواْ مَا طَابَ لَكُمْ مِّنَ النِّسَآءِ مَثْنَى وَثُلَـثَ وَرُبَاعَ فَإِنْ
خِفْتُمْ أَلاَّ تَعْدِلُواْ فَوَٰحِدَةً أَوْ مَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَٰـنُكُمْ ذلِكَ
أَدْنَى أَلاَّ تَعُولُواْ - وَءَاتُواْ النِّسَآءَ صَدُقَـٰتِهِنَّ نِحْلَةً
فَإِن طِبْنَ لَكُمْ عَن شَىْءٍ مِّنْهُ نَفْساً فَكُلُوهُ هَنِيئاً مَّرِيئاً ﴾
(2. And give unto orphans their property and do not exchange (your) bad things for
(their) good ones; and devour not their substance (by adding it) to your substance.
Surely, this is a great sin.) (3. And if you fear that you shall not be able to
deal justly with the orphan girls, then marry (other) women of your choice, two
or three, or four; but if you fear that you shall not be able to deal justly (with
them), then only one or (the captives and the servants) that your right hands possess.
That is nearer to prevent you from Ta`ulu.) (4. And give to the women (whom you
marry) their Saduqat (or dowry) Nihlah (with a good heart), but if they, of their
own good pleasure, remit any part of it to you, take it, and enjoy it without fear
of any harm.)
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