Allah said,
﴿وَاللَّـتِى تَخَافُونَ نُشُوزَهُنَّ﴾
(As to those women on whose part you see ill conduct,) meaning, the woman from whom
you see ill conduct with her husband, such as when she acts as if she is above her
husband, disobeys him, ignores him, dislikes him, and so forth. When these signs
appear in a woman, her husband should advise her and remind her of Allah's torment
if she disobeys him. Indeed, Allah ordered the wife to obey her husband and prohibited
her from disobeying him, because of the enormity of his rights and all that he does
for her. The Messenger of Allah said,
«لَوْ كُنْتُ آمِرًا أَحَدًا أَنْ
يَسْجُدَ لِأَحَدٍ، لَأَمَرْتُ الْمَرْأَةَ أَنْ تَسْجُدَ لِزَوْجِهَا، مِنْ عِظَمِ
حَقِّهِ عَلَيْهَا»
(If I were to command anyone to prostrate before anyone, I would have commanded
the wife to prostrate before her husband, because of the enormity of his right upon
her.) Al-Bukhari recorded that Abu Hurayrah said that the Messenger of Allah said,
«إِذَا دَعَا الرَّجُلُ امْرَأَتَهُ
إِلى فِرَاشِهِ فَأَبَتْ عَلَيْهِ، لَعَنَتْهَا الْمَلَائِكَةُ حَتَّى تُصْبِح»
(If the man asks his wife to come to his bed and she declines, the angels will keep
cursing her until the morning.) Muslim recorded it with the wording,
«إِذَا بَاتَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ هَاجِرَةً
فِرَاشَ زَوْجِهَا، لَعَنَتْهَا الْمَلَائِكَةُ حَتَّى تُصْبِح»
(If the wife goes to sleep while ignoring her husband's bed, the angels will keep
cursing her until the morning.) This is why Allah said,
﴿وَاللَّـتِى تَخَافُونَ نُشُوزَهُنَّ
فَعِظُوهُنَّ﴾
(As to those women on whose part you see ill conduct, admonish them (first)). Allah's
statement,
﴿وَاهْجُرُوهُنَّ فِى الْمَضَاجِعِ﴾
(abandon them in their beds,) `Ali bin Abi Talhah reported that Ibn `Abbas said
"The abandonment refers to not having intercourse with her, to lie on her bed with
his back to her.'' Several others said similarly. As-Suddi, Ad-Dahhak, `Ikrimah,
and Ibn `Abbas, in another narration, added, "Not to speak with her or talk to her.''
The Sunan and Musnad compilers recorded that Mu`awiyah bin Haydah Al-Qushayri said,
"O Allah's Messenger! What is the right that the wife of one of us has on him''
The Prophet said,
«أَنْ تُطْعِمَهَا إِذَا طَعِمْتَ،
وَتَكْسُوَهَا إِذَا اكْتَسَيْتَ، وَلَا تَضْرِبِ الْوَجْهَ، وَلَا تُقَبِّحْ، وَلَا
تَهْجُرْ إِلَّا فِي الْبَيْت»
(To feed her when you eat, cloth her when you buy clothes for yourself, refrain
from striking her face or cursing her, and to not abandon her, except in the house.)
Allah's statement,
﴿وَاضْرِبُوهُنَّ﴾
(beat them) means, if advice and ignoring her in the bed do not produce the desired
results, you are allowed to discipline the wife, without severe beating. Muslim
recorded that Jabir said that during the Farewell Hajj, the Prophet said;
«وَاتَّقُوا اللهَ فِي النِّسَاءِ،
فَإِنَّهُنَّ عِنْدَكُمْ عَوَانٍ، وَلَكُمْ عَلَيْهِنَّ أَنْ لَا يُوطِئْنَ فُرُشَكُمْ
أَحَدًا تَكْرَهُونَهُ،فَإِنْ فَعَلْنَ ذَلِكَ فَاضْرِبُوهُنَّ ضَرْبًا غَيْرَ مُبَرِحٍ،
وَلَهُنَّ عَلَيْكُمْ رِزْقُهُنَّ وَكِسْوَتُهُنَّ بِالْمَعْرُوف»
(Fear Allah regarding women, for they are your assistants. You have the right on
them that they do not allow any person whom you dislike to step on your mat. However,
if they do that, you are allowed to discipline them lightly. They have a right on
you that you provide them with their provision and clothes, in a reasonable manner.)
Ibn `Abbas and several others said that the Ayah refers to a beating that is not
violent. Al-Hasan Al-Basri said that it means, a beating that is not severe.
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