Al-Bukhari recorded that Ibn `Abbas said that the Ayah,
﴿أَطِيعُواْ اللَّهَ وَأَطِيعُواْ
الرَّسُولَ وَأُوْلِى الاٌّمْرِ مِنْكُمْ﴾
(Obey Allah and obey the Messenger, and those of you who are in authority.) "Was
revealed about `Abdullah bin Hudhafah bin Qays bin `Adi, who the Messenger of Allah
sent on a military expedition.'' This statement was collected by the Group, with
the exception of Ibn Majah At-Tirmidhi said, "Hasan, Gharib''. Imam Ahmad recorded
that `Ali said, "The Messenger of Allah sent a troop under the command of a man
from Al-Ansar. When they left, he became angry with them for some reason and said
to them, `Has not the Messenger of Allah commanded you to obey me' They said, `Yes.'
He said, `Collect some wood,' and then he started a fire with the wood, saying,
`I command you to enter the fire.' The people almost entered the fire, but a young
man among them said, `You only ran away from the Fire to Allah's Messenger. Therefore,
do not rush until you go back to Allah's Messenger, and if he commands you to enter
it, then enter it.' When they went back to Allah's Messenger , they told him what
had happened, and the Messenger said,
«لَوْ دَخَلْتُمُوهَا مَا خَرَجْتُمْ
مِنْهَا أَبَدًا، إِنَّمَا الطَّاعَةُ فِي الْمَعْرُوف»
(Had you entered it, you would never have departed from it. Obedience is only in
righteousness.)'' This Hadith is recorded in the Two Sahihs. Abu Dawud recorded
that `Abdullah bin `Umar said that the Messenger of Allah said,
«السَّمْعُ وَالطَّاعَةُ عَلَى الْمَرْءِ
الْمُسْلِمِ فِيمَا أَحَبَّ وَكَرِهَ، مَا لَمْ يُؤْمَرْ بِمَعْصِيَةٍ، فَإِذَا أُمِرَ
بِمَعْصِيَةٍ فَلَا سَمْعَ وَلَا طَاعَة»
(The Muslim is required to hear and obey in that which he likes and dislikes, unless
he was commanded to sin. When he is commanded with sin, then there is no hearing
or obeying.) This Hadith is recorded in the Two Sahihs. `Ubadah bin As-Samit said,
"We gave our pledge to Allah's Messenger to hear and obey (our leaders), while active
and otherwise, in times of ease and times of difficulty, even if we were deprived
of our due shares, and to not dispute this matter (leadership) with its rightful
people. The Prophet said,
«إِلَّا أَنْ تَرَوْا كُفْرًا بَوَاحًا،
عِنْدَكُمْ فِيهِ مِنَ اللهِ بُرْهَان»
(Except when you witness clear Kufr about which you have clear proof from Allah.)''
This Hadith is recorded in the Two Sahihs. Another Hadith narrated by Anas states
that the Messenger of Allah said,
«اسْمَعُوا وَأَطِيعُوا، وَإِنْ أُمِّرَ
عَلَيْكُمْ عَبْدٌحَبَشِيٌّ كَأَنَّ رَأْسَهُ زَبِيبَة»
(Hear and obey (your leaders), even if an Ethiopian slave whose head is like a raisin,
is made your chief.) Al-Bukhari recorded this Hadith. Umm Al-Husayn said that she
heard the Messenger of Allah giving a speech during the Farewell Hajj, in which
he said;
«وَلَوِ اسْتُعْمِلَ عَلَيْكُمْ عَبْدٌيَقُودُكُمْ
بِكِتَابِ اللهِ، اسْمَعُوا لَهُ وَأَطِيعُوا»
(Even if a slave was appointed over you, and he rules you with Allah's Book, then
listen to him and obey him.) Muslim recorded this Hadith. In another narration with
Muslim, the Prophet said,
«عَبْدًا حَبَشِيًّا مَجْدُوعًا»
(Even if an Ethiopian slave, whose nose was mutilated...) In the Two Sahihs, it
is recorded that Abu Hurayrah said that the Messenger of Allah said,
«مَنْ أَطَاعَنِي فَقَدْ أَطَاعَ اللهَ،
وَمَنْ عَصَانِي فَقَدْ عَصَى اللهَ، وَمَنْ أَطَاعَ أَمِيرِي فَقَدْ أَطَاعَنِي، وَمَنْ
عَصَى أَمِيرِي فَقَدْ عَصَانِي»
(Whoever obeys me, obeys Allah, and whoever disobeys me, disobeys Allah. Whoever
obeys my commander, obeys me, and whoever disobeys my commander, disobeys me.) This
is why Allah said,
﴿أَطِيعُواْ اللَّهَ﴾
(Obey Allah), adhere to His Book,
﴿وَأَطِيعُواْ الرَّسُولَ﴾
(and obey the Messenger), adhere to his Sunnah,
﴿وَأُوْلِى الاٌّمْرِ مِنْكُمْ﴾
(And those of you who are in authority) in the obedience to Allah which they command
you, not what constitutes disobedience of Allah, for there is no obedience to anyone
in disobedience to Allah, as we mentioned in the authentic Hadith,
«إِنَّمَا الطَّاعَةُ فِي الْمَعْرُوف»
(Obedience is only in righteousness.)
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