Allah said,
﴿فَلاَ وَرَبِّكَ لاَ يُؤْمِنُونَ
حَتَّى يُحَكِّمُوكَ فِيمَا شَجَرَ بَيْنَهُمْ﴾
(But no, by your Lord, they can have no faith, until they make you judge in all
disputes between them,) Allah swears by His Glorious, Most Honorable Self, that
no one shall attain faith until he refers to the Messenger for judgment in all matters.
Thereafter, whatever the Messenger commands, is the plain truth that must be submitted
to inwardly and outwardly. Allah said,
﴿ثُمَّ لاَ يَجِدُواْ فِى أَنفُسِهِمْ
حَرَجاً مِّمَّا قَضَيْتَ وَيُسَلِّمُواْ تَسْلِيماً﴾
(and find in themselves no resistance against your decisions, and accept (them)
with full submission.) meaning: they adhere to your judgment, and thus do not feel
any hesitation over your decision, and they submit to it inwardly and outwardly.
They submit to the Prophet's decision with total submission without any rejection,
denial or dispute. Al-Bukhari recorded that `Urwah said, "Az-Zubayr quarreled with
a man about a stream which both of them used for irrigation. Allah's Messenger said
to Az-Zubayr,
«اسْقِ يَا زُبَيْرُ ثُمَّ أَرْسِلِ
الْمَاءَ إِلى جَارِك»
(O Zubayr! Irrigate (your garden) first, and then let the water flow to your neighbor.)
The Ansari became angry and said, `O Allah's Messenger! Is it because he is your
cousin' On that, the face of Allah's Messenger changed color (because of anger)
and said,
«اسْقِ يَا زُبَيْرُ ثُمَّ احْبِسِ
الْمَاءَ حَتَّى يَرْجِعَ إِلَى الْجَدْرِ،ثُمَّ أَرْسِلِ الْمَاءَ إِلى جَارِك»
(Irrigate (your garden), O Zubayr, and then withhold the water until it reaches
the walls (surrounding the palms). Then, release the water to your neighbor.) So,
Allah's Messenger gave Az-Zubayr his full right when the Ansari made him angry.
Before that, Allah's Messenger had given a generous judgment, beneficial for Az-Zubayr
and the Ansari. Az-Zubayr said, `I think the following verse was revealed concerning
that case,
﴿فَلاَ وَرَبِّكَ لاَ يُؤْمِنُونَ
حَتَّى يُحَكِّمُوكَ فِيمَا شَجَرَ بَيْنَهُمْ﴾
(But no, by your Lord, they can have no faith, until they make you (O Muhammad )
judge in all disputes between them.)''' Another Reason In his Tafsir, Al-Hafiz Abu
Ishaq Ibrahim bin `Abdur-Rahman bin Ibrahim bin Duhaym recorded that Damrah narrated
that two men took their dispute to the Prophet , and he gave a judgment to the benefit
of whoever among them had the right. The person who lost the dispute said, "I do
not agree.'' The other person asked him, "What do you want then'' He said, "Let
us go to Abu Bakr As-Siddiq.'' They went to Abu Bakr and the person who won the
dispute said, "We went to the Prophet with our dispute and he issued a decision
in my favor.'' Abu Bakr said, "Then the decision is that which the Messenger of
Allah issued.'' The person who lost the dispute still rejected the decision and
said, "Let us go to `Umar bin Al-Khattab.'' When they went to `Umar, the person
who won the dispute said, "We took our dispute to the Prophet and he decided in
my favor, but this man refused to submit to the decision.'' `Umar bin Al-Khattab
asked the second man and he concurred. `Umar went to his house and emerged from
it holding aloft his sword. He struck the head of the man who rejected the Prophet's
decision with the sword and killed him. Consequently, Allah revealed,
﴿فَلاَ وَرَبِّكَ لاَ يُؤْمِنُونَ﴾
(But no, by your Lord, they can have no faith).
﴿وَلَوْ أَنَّا كَتَبْنَا
عَلَيْهِمْ أَنِ اقْتُلُواْ أَنفُسَكُمْ أَوِ اخْرُجُواْ مِن دِيَـرِكُمْ مَّا فَعَلُوهُ
إِلاَّ قَلِيلٌ مِّنْهُمْ وَلَوْ أَنَّهُمْ فَعَلُواْ مَا يُوعَظُونَ بِهِ لَكَانَ
خَيْراً لَّهُمْ وَأَشَدَّ تَثْبِيتاً - وَإِذاً لاّتَيْنَـهُمْ مِّن
لَّدُنَّـآ أَجْراً عَظِيماً - وَلَهَدَيْنَـهُمْ صِرَطاً مُّسْتَقِيماً - وَمَن يُطِعِ
اللَّهَ وَالرَّسُولَ فَأُوْلَـئِكَ مَعَ الَّذِينَ أَنْعَمَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِم مِّنَ
النَّبِيِّينَ وَالصِّدِّيقِينَ وَالشُّهَدَآءِ وَالصَّـلِحِينَ وَحَسُنَ أُولَـئِكَ
رَفِيقاً - ذلِكَ الْفَضْلُ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَكَفَى بِاللَّهِ عَلِيماً ﴾
(66. And if We had ordered them (saying), "Kill yourselves (i.e. the innocent ones
kill the guilty ones) or leave your homes,'' very few of them would have done it;
but if they had done what they were told, it would have been better for them, and
would have strengthened their conviction;) (67. And indeed We would then have bestowed
upon them a great reward from Ourselves.) (68. And indeed We would have guided them
to the straight way.) (69. And whoever obeys Allah and the Messenger, then they
will be in the company of those on whom Allah has bestowed His grace, of the Prophets,
the Siddiqin, the martyrs, and the righteous. And how excellent these companions
are!) (70. Such is the bounty from Allah, and Allah is sufficient as All-Knower.)
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