Allah says to His Messenger, Muhammad ,
﴿إِنَّآ أَنزَلْنَا إِلَيْكَ الْكِتَـبَ
بِالْحَقِّ﴾
(Surely, We have sent down to you the Book in truth) meaning, it truly came from
Allah and its narrations and commandments are true. Allah then said,
﴿لِتَحْكُمَ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ بِمَآ
أَرَاكَ اللَّهُ﴾
(that you might judge between men by that which Allah has shown you,) In the Two
Sahihs, it is recorded that Zaynab bint Umm Salamah said that Umm Salamah said that
the Messenger of Allah heard the noise of disputing people close to the door of
his room, and he went out to them saying,
«أَلَا إِنَّمَا أَنَا بَشَرٌ، وَإِنَّمَا
أَقْضِي بِنَحْوٍ مِمَّا أَسْمَعُ، وَلَعَلَّ أَحَدَكُمْ أَنْ يَكُونَ أَلْحَنَ بِحُجَّتِهِ
مِنْ بَعْضٍ فَأَقْضِيَ لَهُ، فَمَنْ قَضَيْتُ لَهُ بِحَقِّ مُسْلِمٍ، فَإِنَّمَا هِيَ
قِطْعَةٌ مِنْ نَارٍ، فَلْيَحْمِلْهَا أَوْ لِيَذَرْهَا»
(Verily, I am only human and I judge based on what I hear. Some of you might be
more eloquent in presenting his case than others, so that I judge in his favor.
If I judge in one's favor concerning the right of another Muslim, then it is a piece
of the Fire. So let one take it or leave it.) Imam Ahmad recorded that Umm Salamah
said, "Two men from the Ansar came to the Messenger of Allah with a dispute regarding
some old inheritance, but they did not have evidence. The Messenger of Allah said,
«إِنَّكُمْ تَخْتَصِمُونَ إِلَيَ،
وَإِنَّمَا أَنَا بَشَرٌ، وَلَعَلَّ بَعْضَكُمْ أَلْحَنُ بِحُجَّتِهِ مِنْ بَعْضٍ،
وَإِنَّما أَقْضِي بَيْنَكُمْ عَلى نَحْوٍ مِمَّا أَسْمَعُ، فَمَنْ قَضَيْتُ لَهُ مِنْ
حَقِّ أَخِيهِ شَيْئًا فَلَا يَأْخُذْهُ، فَإِنَّمَا أَقْطَعُ لَهُ قِطْعَةً مِنَ النَّارِ،
يَأْتِي بِهَا إِسْطَامًا فِي عُنُقِهِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَة»
(You bring your disputes to me, but I am only human. Some of you might be more persuasive
in their arguments than others. I only judge between you according to what I hear.
Therefore, whomever I judge in his favor and give him a part of his brother's right,
let him not take it, for it is a part of the Fire that I am giving him and it will
be tied around his neck on the Day of Resurrection.) The two men cried and each
one of them said, `I forfeit my right to my brother.' The Messenger of Allah said,
«أَمَا إِذْ قُلْتُمَا فَاذْهَبَا
فَاْقَتَسِمَا، ثُمَّ تَوَخَّيَا الْحَقَّ ثُمَّ اسْتَهِمَا، ثُم لِيُحْلِلْ كُلُّ
وَاحِدٍ مِنْكُمَا صَاحِبَه»
(Since you said that, then go and divide the inheritance, and try to be just in
your division. Then draw lots, and each one of you should forgive his brother thereafter
(regardless of who got the best share).)'' Allah's statement,
﴿يَسْتَخْفُونَ مِنَ النَّاسِ وَلاَ
يَسْتَخْفُونَ مِنَ اللَّهِ﴾
(They may hide (their crimes) from men, but they cannot hide (them) from Allah;)
chastises the hypocrites because they hide their evil works from the people so that
they will not criticize them. Yet, the hypocrites disclose this evil with Allah,
Who has perfect watch over their secrets and knows what is in their hearts. This
is why Allah said,
﴿وَهُوَ مَعَهُمْ إِذْ يُبَيِّتُونَ
مَا لاَ يَرْضَى مِنَ الْقَوْلِ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ بِمَا يَعْمَلُونَ مُحِيطاً﴾
(for He is with them (by His knowledge), when they plot by night in words that He
does not approve. And Allah ever encompasses what they do) threatening and warning
them. Allah then said,
﴿هَـأَنْتُمْ هَـؤُلاءِ جَـدَلْتُمْ
عَنْهُمْ فِى الْحَيَوةِ الدُّنْيَا﴾
(Lo! You are those who have argued for them in the life of this world,) meaning,
suppose these people gain the verdict from the rulers in their favor in this life,
since the rulers judge according to what is apparent to them. However, what will
their condition be on the Day of Resurrection before Allah, Who knows the secret
and what is even more hidden Who will be his advocate on that Day Verily, none will
support them that Day. Hence, Allah's statement,
﴿أَمْ مَّن يَكُونُ عَلَيْهِمْ وَكِيلاً﴾
(or who will then be their defender)
﴿وَمَن يَعْمَلْ سُوءاً
أَوْ يَظْلِمْ نَفْسَهُ ثُمَّ يَسْتَغْفِرِ اللَّهَ يَجِدِ اللَّهَ غَفُوراً رَّحِيماً
- وَمَن يَكْسِبْ إِثْماً فَإِنَّمَا يَكْسِبُهُ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ عَلِيماً
حَكِيماً - وَمَن يَكْسِبْ خَطِيئَةً أَوْ إِثْماً ثُمَّ يَرْمِ بِهِ بَرِيئاً فَقَدِ
احْتَمَلَ بُهْتَـناً وَإِثْماً مُّبِيناً - وَلَوْلاَ فَضْلُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكَ وَرَحْمَتُهُ
لَهَمَّتْ طَّآئِفَةٌ مِّنْهُمْ أَن يُضِلُّوكَ وَمَا يُضِلُّونَ إِلاَّ أَنفُسَهُمْ
وَمَا يَضُرُّونَكَ مِن شَىْءٍ وَأَنزَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكَ الْكِتَـبَ وَالْحِكْمَةَ
وَعَلَّمَكَ مَا لَمْ تَكُنْ تَعْلَمُ وَكَانَ فَضْلُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكَ عَظِيماً ﴾
(110. And whoever does evil or wrongs himself but afterwards seeks Allah's forgiveness,
he will find Allah Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.) 111. And whoever earns sin, he
earns it only against himself. And Allah is Ever All-Knowing, All-Wise.) (112. And
whoever earns a fault or a sin and then blames it on someone innocent, he has indeed
burdened himself with falsehood and a manifest sin.) (113. Had not the grace of
Allah and His mercy been upon you, a party of them would certainly have made a decision
to mislead you, but they mislead none except their own selves, and no harm can they
do to you in the least. Allah has sent down to you the Book, and the Hikmah, and
taught you that which you knew not. And ever great is the grace of Allah unto you.)
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