Allah declares that He is pleased with the believers who gave the pledge to
the Messenger of Allah under the tree. We mentioned the number of these
believers as being one thousand and four hundred and that the tree was a Samurah
tree, located in the area of Hudaybiyyah. Al-Bukhari narrated from Tariq that
`Abdur-Rahman said, "I went on Hajj and passed by people praying and asked,
`What is this Masjid' They said, `This is the tree where the Messenger of Allah
took the pledge of Ar-Ridwan.' So, I went to Sa`id bin Al-Musayyib and told him.
Sa`id said, `My father told me that he was among those who gave their pledge to
the Messenger of Allah under the tree. My father said: The following year, when
we went out, we forgot its place and could not agree which tree it was.' Sa`id
said, `The Companions of Muhammad forgot where the tree was, but you know where
it is. Therefore, you have better knowledge than them!''' Allah said,
[فَعَلِمَ مَا فِى
قُلُوبِهِمْ]
(He knew what was in their hearts,) meaning, of truthfulness,
trustworthiness, obedience and adherence,
[فَأنزَلَ
السَّكِينَةَ]
(and He sent down As-Sakinah), calmness and tranquillity,
[عَلَيْهِمْ
وَأَثَـبَهُمْ فَتْحاً قَرِيباً]
(upon them, and He rewarded them with a near victory.) in reference to the
goodness that Allah the Exalted and Most Honored caused to happened to the
Companions on account of the peace treaty between them and their disbelieving
enemies. Ever after that, the Companions gained abundant, general and continuous
benefits and accomplishments, leading to the conquest of Khaybar and Makkah and
then the various surrounding provinces and areas. They earned tremendous glory,
triumphs and an elevated and honorable status in this life and in the Hereafter,
just as Allah the Exalted said,
[وَمَغَانِمَ
كَثِيرَةً يَأْخُذُونَهَا وَكَان اللَّهُ عَزِيزاً حَكِيماً ]
(And abundant spoils that they will capture. And Allah is Ever All-Mighty,
All-Wise.)
[وَعَدَكُمُ اللَّهُ
مَغَانِمَ كَثِيرَةً تَأْخُذُونَهَا فَعَجَّلَ لَكُمْ هَـذِهِ وَكَفَّ أَيْدِىَ
النَّاسِ عَنْكُمْ وَلِتَكُونَ ءَايَةً لِّلْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَيَهْدِيَكُمْ صِرَطاً
مُّسْتَقِيماً - وَأُخْرَى لَمْ تَقْدِرُواْ عَلَيْهَا قَدْ أَحَاطَ اللَّهُ بِهَا
وَكَانَ اللَّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَىْءٍ قَدِيراً - وَلَوْ قَـتَلَكُمُ الَّذِينَ
كفَرُواْ لَوَلَّوُاْ الاٌّدْبَـرَ ثُمَّ لاَ يَجِدُونَ وَلِيّاً وَلاَ نَصِيراً -
سُنَّةَ اللَّهِ الَّتِى قَدْ خَلَتْ مِن قَبْلُ وَلَن تَجِدَ لِسُنَّةِ اللَّهِ
تَبْدِيلاً - وَهُوَ الَّذِى كَفَّ أَيْدِيَهُمْ عَنكُمْ وَأَيْدِيَكُمْ عَنْهُم
بِبَطْنِ مَكَّةَ مِن بَعْدِ أَنْ أَظْفَرَكُمْ عَلَيْهِمْ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ بِمَا
تَعْمَلُونَ بَصِيراً ]
(20. Allah has promised you abundant spoils that you will capture, and He has
hastened for you this, and He has restrained the hands of men from you, that it
may be a sign for the believers, and that He may guide you to the straight
path.) (21. And other (victories) which are not yet within your power; indeed
Allah encompasses them. And Allah is Ever Able to do all things.) (22. And if
those who disbelieve fight against you, they certainly would have turned their
backs; then they would have found neither a protector nor a helper.) (23. That
has been the way of Allah already with those who passed away before. And you
will not find any change in the way of Allah.) (24. And He it is Who has
withheld their hands from you and your hands from them in the midst of Makkah,
after He had made you victors over them. And Allah sees what you do.)
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