At-Tirmidhi recorded that `Abdullah bin `Amr said, "The last Surahs to be revealed
were Surat Al-Ma'idah and Surat Al-Fath (chapter 48).'' At-Tirmidhi commented, "This
Hadith is Hasan, Gharib.'' and it was also reported that Ibn `Abbas said that the
last Surah to be revealed was,
﴿إِذَا جَآءَ نَصْرُ اللَّهِ وَالْفَتْحُ
﴾
(When there comes the help of Allah and the Conquest,) Al-Hakim collected a narration
similar to that of At-Tirmidhi in his Mustadrak, and he said, "It is Sahih according
to the criteria of the Two Shaykhs and they did not record it.'' Al-Hakim narrated
that Jubayr bin Nufayr said, "I performed Hajj once and visited `A'ishah and she
said to me, `O Jubayr! Do you read (or memorize) Al-Ma'idah ' I answered `Yes.'
She said, `It was the last Surah to be revealed. Therefore, whatever permissible
matters you find in it, then consider (treat) them permissible. And whatever impermissible
matters you find in it, then consider (treat) them impermissible.''' Al-Hakim said,
"It is Sahih according to the criteria of the Two Shaykhs and they did not record
it. '' Imam Ahmad recorded that `Abdur-Rahman bin Mahdi related that Mu`awiyah bin
Salih added this statement in the last Hadith, "I (Jubayr) also asked `A'ishah about
the Messenger of Allah's conduct and she answered by saying, `The Qur'an.''' An-Nasa'i
also recorded it.
﴿بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـنِ
الرَّحِيمِ ﴾
﴿يَـأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ
أَوْفُواْ بِالْعُقُودِ أُحِلَّتْ لَكُمْ بَهِيمَةُ الاٌّنْعَامِ إِلاَّ مَا يُتْلَى
عَلَيْكُمْ غَيْرَ مُحِلِّى الصَّيْدِ وَأَنتُمْ حُرُمٌ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَحْكُمُ مَا
يُرِيدُ - يَـأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لاَ تُحِلُّواْ شَعَآئِرَ
اللَّهِ وَلاَ الشَّهْرَ الْحَرَامَ وَلاَ الْهَدْىَ وَلاَ الْقَلَـئِدَ وَلا ءَامِّينَ
الْبَيْتَ الْحَرَامَ يَبْتَغُونَ فَضْلاً مِّن رَّبِّهِمْ وَرِضْوَناً وَإِذَا حَلَلْتُمْ
فَاصْطَـدُواْ وَلاَ يَجْرِمَنَّكُمْ شَنَآنُ قَوْمٍ أَن صَدُّوكُمْ عَنِ الْمَسْجِدِ
الْحَرَامِ أَن تَعْتَدُواْ وَتَعَاوَنُواْ عَلَى الْبرِّ وَالتَّقْوَى وَلاَ تَعَاوَنُواْ
عَلَى الإِثْمِ وَالْعُدْوَانِ وَاتَّقُواْ اللَّهَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ شَدِيدُ آلْعِقَابِ
﴾
(In the Name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful.) (1. O you who believe! Fulfill
(your) obligations. Lawful to you (for food) are all the beasts of cattle except
that which will be announced to you (herein), game (also) being unlawful when you
assume Ihram. Verily, Allah commands that which He wills.) (2. O you who believe!
Violate not the sanctity of the symbols of Allah, nor of the Sacred Month, nor of
the Hady brought for sacrifice, nor the garlands, nor the people coming to the Sacred
House (Makkah), seeking the bounty and good pleasure of their Lord. But when you
finish the Ihram, then hunt, and let not the hatred of some people in (once) stopping
you from Al-Masjid Al-Haram (at Makkah) lead you to transgression. Help you one
another in Al-Birr and At-Taqwa, but do not help one another in sin and transgression.
And have Taqwa of Allah. Verily, Allah is severe in punishment.) Ibn Abi Hatim recorded
that a man came to `Abdullah bin Mas`ud and said to him, "Advise me.'' He said,
"When you hear Allah's statement,
﴿يَـأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ﴾
(O you who believe!) then pay full attention, for it is a righteous matter that
He is ordaining or an evil thing that He is forbidding.'' Khaythamah said, "Everything
in the Qur'an that reads,
﴿يَـأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ﴾
(O you who believe!) reads in the Tawrah, `O you who are in need.''' Allah said,
﴿أَوْفُواْ بِالْعُقُودِ﴾
(Fulfill (your) obligations.) Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid and others said that `obligations'
here means treaties. Ibn Jarir mentioned that there is a consensus for this view.
Ibn Jarir also said that it means treaties, such as the alliances that they used
to conduct. `Ali bin Abi Talhah reported that Ibn `Abbas commented:
﴿يَـأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ
أَوْفُواْ بِالْعُقُودِ﴾
(O you who believe! Fulfill (your) obligations.) "Refers to the covenants, meaning,
what Allah permitted, prohibited, ordained and set limits for in the Qur'an. Therefore,
do not commit treachery or break the covenants. Allah emphasized this command when
He said,
﴿وَالَّذِينَ يَنقُضُونَ عَهْدَ اللَّهِ
مِن بَعْدِ مِيثَـقِهِ وَيَقْطَعُونَ مَآ أَمَرَ اللَّهُ بِهِ أَن يُوصَلَ﴾
(And those who break the covenant of Allah, after its ratification, and sever that
which Allah has commanded to be joined,) until,
﴿سُوءُ الدَّارِ﴾
(unhappy (evil) home (i.e. Hell).)'' Ad-Dahhak said that,
﴿أَوْفُواْ بِالْعُقُودِ﴾
(Fulfill your obligations.) "Refers to what Allah has permitted and what He has
prohibited. Allah has taken the covenant from those who proclaim their faith in
the Prophet and the Book to fulfill the obligations that He has ordered for them
in the permissible and the impermissible.''
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