Allah commands His believing servants to reform themselves and to do as many righteous
deeds as possible. He also informs them that whoever reforms himself, he would not
be affected by the wickedness of the wicked, whether they were his relatives or
otherwise. Imam Ahmad recorded that Qays said, "Abu Bakr As-Siddiq stood up, thanked
Allah and praised Him and then said, `O people! You read this Ayah,
﴿يأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ عَلَيْكُمْ
أَنْفُسَكُمْ لاَ يَضُرُّكُمْ مَّن ضَلَّ إِذَا اهْتَدَيْتُمْ﴾
(O you who believe! Take care of yourselves. If you follow the right guidance, no
hurt can come to you from those who are in error.) You explain it the wrong way.
I heard the Messenger of Allah say,
«إِنَّ النَّاسَ إِذَا رَأَوُا الْمُنْكَرَ
وَلَا يُغَيِّرُونَهُ، يُوشِكُ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ أَنْ يَعُمَّهُمْ بِعِقَابِه»
(If the people witness evil and do not change it, then Allah is about to send His
punishment to encompass them.) I (Qays) also heard Abu Bakr say, `O people! Beware
of lying, for lying contradicts faith.'''
﴿يِـأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ
ءَامَنُواْ شَهَـدَةُ بَيْنِكُمْ إِذَا حَضَرَ أَحَدَكُمُ الْمَوْتُ حِينَ الْوَصِيَّةِ
اثْنَانِ ذَوَا عَدْلٍ مِّنْكُمْ أَوْ ءَاخَرَانِ مِنْ غَيْرِكُمْ إِنْ أَنتُمْ ضَرَبْتُمْ
فِى الاٌّرْضِ فَأَصَابَتْكُم مُّصِيبَةُ الْمَوْتِ تَحْبِسُونَهُمَا مِن بَعْدِ الصَّلوةِ
فَيُقْسِمَانِ بِاللَّهِ إِنِ ارْتَبْتُمْ لاَ نَشْتَرِى بِهِ ثَمَناً وَلَوْ كَانَ
ذَا قُرْبَى وَلاَ نَكْتُمُ شَهَـدَةَ اللَّهِ إِنَّآ إِذَاً لَّمِنَ الاٌّثِمِينَ
- فَإِنْ عُثِرَ عَلَى أَنَّهُمَا اسْتَحَقَّآ إِثْماً فَآخَرَانِ
يِقُومَانُ مَقَامَهُمَا مِنَ الَّذِينَ اسْتَحَقَّ عَلَيْهِمُ الاٌّوْلَيَانِ فَيُقْسِمَانِ
بِاللَّهِ لَشَهَـدَتُنَا أَحَقُّ مِن شَهَـدَتِهِمَا وَمَا اعْتَدَيْنَآ إِنَّا إِذاً
لَّمِنَ الظَّـلِمِينَ - ذلِكَ أَدْنَى أَن يَأْتُواْ بِالشَّهَـدَةِ عَلَى وَجْهِهَآ
أَوْ يَخَـفُواْ أَن تُرَدَّ أَيْمَـنٌ بَعْدَ أَيْمَـنِهِمْ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَاسْمَعُواْ
وَاللَّهُ لاَ يَهْدِى الْقَوْمَ الْفَـسِقِينَ ﴾
(106. O you who believe! When death approaches any of you, and you make a bequest,
then take the testimony of two just men of your own folk or two others from outside,
if you are traveling through the land and the calamity of death befalls you. Detain
them both after the Salah (the prayer), (then) if you are in doubt (about their
truthfulness), let them both swear by Allah (saying): "We wish not for any worldly
gain in this, even though he (the beneficiary) be our near relative. We shall not
hide the testimony of Allah, for then indeed we should be of the sinful.'') (107.
If it then becomes known that these two had been guilty of sin, let two others stand
forth in their places, nearest in kin from among those who claim a lawful right.
Let them swear by Allah (saying): "We affirm that our testimony is truer than that
of both of them, and that we have not trespassed (the truth), for then indeed we
should be of the wrongdoers.'') (108. That should make it closer (to the fact) that
their testimony would be in its true nature and shape, or else they would fear that
(other) oaths would be admitted after their oaths. And have Taqwa of Allah and listen
(with obedience to Him). And Allah guides not the rebellious people.)
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