Allah the Exalted describes the reward that He will award to those who spend
from their wealth, whether male or female, on the needy, the poor and the meek,
[اللَّهَ قَرْضاً
حَسَناً وَمَا]
(and lend Allah handsome loan,) meaning, they give in charity with a good
heart seeking the pleasure of Allah. They do not seek worldly rewards or
appreciation from those to whom they give in charity. Allah's statement,
[يُضَـعَفُ
لَهُمْ]
(it shall be increased manifold,) indicating that He will multiply the good
deeds from tenfold, up to seven hundredfold and even more than that,
[وَلَهُمْ أَجْرٌ
كَرِيمٌ]
(and theirs shall be an honorable good reward.) theirs will be a generous,
handsome reward, a good dwelling to return to and an honorable final
destination. Allah's statement,
[وَالَّذِينَ
ءَامَنُواْ بِاللَّهِ وَرُسُلِهِ أُوْلَـئِكَ هُمُ الصِّدِّيقُونَ]
(And those who believe in Allah and His Messengers -- they are the Siddiqun)
This completes His description of those who have faith in Him and in His
Messengers, by describing them as Siddiqun, true believers. Al-`Awfi reported
from Ibn `Abbas about
[وَالَّذِينَ
ءَامَنُواْ بِاللَّهِ وَرُسُلِهِ أُوْلَـئِكَ هُمُ الصِّدِّيقُونَ]
(And those who believe in Allah and His Messengers -- they are the Siddiqun)
that its meaning does not continue to the next Ayah,
[وَالشُّهَدَآءُ
عِندَ رَبِّهِمْ لَهُمْ أَجْرُهُمْ وَنُورُهُمْ]
(and the martyrs (are) with their Lord. They shall have their reward and
their light.) Abu Ad-Duha (stopped after he) recited,
[أُوْلَـئِكَ هُمُ
الصِّدِّيقُونَ]
(they are the Siddiqun), then initiated recitation:
[وَالشُّهَدَآءُ
عِندَ رَبِّهِمْ]
(and the martyrs (are) with their Lord.) Masruq, Ad-Dahhak, Muqatil bin
Hayyan and others said similarly. Al-A`mash narrated from Abu Ad-Duha from
Masruq from `Abdullah bin Mas`ud commented on Allah's statement,
[أُوْلَـئِكَ هُمُ
الصِّدِّيقُونَ وَالشُّهَدَآءُ عِندَ رَبِّهِمْ]
(they are the Siddiqun, and the martyrs with their Lord.) "They are of three
categories,'' meaning there are those who spend in charity, the Siddiqun and the
martyrs. Allah the Exalted said,
[وَمَن يُطِعِ
اللَّهَ وَالرَّسُولَ فَأُوْلَـئِكَ مَعَ الَّذِينَ أَنْعَمَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِم
مِّنَ النَّبِيِّينَ وَالصِّدِّيقِينَ وَالشُّهَدَآءِ وَالصَّـلِحِينَ]
(And whoso obey Allah and the Messenger, then they will be in the company of
those on whom Allah has bestowed His grace, of the Prophets, the Siddiqin, the
martyrs, and the righteous.)(4:69) Therefore, Allah made a distinction between
the Siddiqin and the martyrs, indicating that they are of two distinct
categories, so there is no doubt that Siddiq is a better status than the martyr.
Imam Malik bin Anas recorded in his Muwatta' that Abu Sa`id Al-Khudri said that
the Messenger of Allah said,
«إِنَّ أَهْلَ
الْجَنَّةِ لَيَتَرَاءَوْنَ أَهْلَ الْغُرَفِ مِنْ فَوْقِهِمْ، كَمَا تَتَرَاءَوْنَ
الْكَوْكَبَ الدُّرِّيَّ الْغَابِرَ فِي الْأُفُقِ مِنَ الْمَشْرِقِ أَوِ
الْمَغْرِبِ، لِتَفَاضُلِ مَا بَيْنَهُم»
(The people of Paradise will look at the dwellers of the lofty mansions as
one looks at a brilliant star far away in the east or in the west on the
horizon, because of their superiority over one another.) On that the people
said, "O Allah's Messenger! Are these lofty mansions for the Prophets whom none
else can reach'' The Prophet replied,
«بَلَى، وَالَّذِي
نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ، رِجَالٌ آمَنُوا بِاللهِ وَصَدَّقُوا الْمُرْسَلِين»
(No! By Him in Whose Hand is my soul! these are for men who believe in Allah
and believe in the Messengers.) Al-Bukhari and Muslim also collected this
Hadith. Allah's statement,
[وَالشُّهَدَآءُ
عِندَ رَبِّهِمْ]
(and the martyrs with their Lord.) means that they will be in the gardens of
Paradise, as recorded in the Sahih:
«إِنَّ أَرْوَاحَ
الشُّهَدَاءِ فِي حَوَاصِلِ طَيْرٍ خُضْرٍ تَسْرَحُ فِي الْجَنَّةِ حَيْثُ شَاءَتْ،
ثُمَّ تَأْوِي إِلَى تِلْكَ الْقَنَادِيلِ فَاطَّلَعَ عَلَيْهِمْ رَبُّكَ
اطِّلَاعَةً فَقَالَ: مَاذَا تُرِيدُونَ؟ فَقَالُوا: نُحِبُّ أَنْ تَرُدَّنَا إِلَى
الدَّارِ الدُّنْيَا فَنُقَاتِلَ فِيكَ فَنُقْتَلَ، كَمَا قُتِلْنَا أَوَّلَ
مَرَّةٍ، فَقَالَ: إِنِّي قَدْ قَضَيْتُ أَنَّهُمْ إِلَيْهَا لَا
يَرْجِعُون»
(The souls of the martyrs live in the bodies of green birds, who fly wherever
they wish in Paradise and then return to their nests in chandeliers. Once your
Lord cast a glance at them and said, `Do you want anything'' They said, "We wish
that You return us to the life of the world, so that we may fight in Your cause
and be killed as we were killed the first time.'' Allah said, "I have decreed
that they shall not be returned to it again.'') Allah's statement,
[لَهُمْ أَجْرُهُمْ
وَنُورُهُمْ]
(They shall have their reward and their light.), means that Allah will grant
them a generous reward and a tremendous light that will precede before them. In
this, the believers vary regarding the level of reward they receive, according
to their good actions in the life of this world. Imam Ahmad recorded that `Umar
bin Al-Khattab said that he heard the Messenger of Allah say,
«الشُّهَدَاءُ
أَرْبَعَةٌ: رَجُلٌ مُؤْمِنٌ جَيِّدُ الْإِيمَانِ، لَقِيَ الْعَدُوَّ فَصَدَقَ
اللهَ فَقُتِلَ، فَذَاكَ الَّذِي يَنْظُرُ النَّاسُ إِلَيْهِ هكَذَا»
(There are four ranks of martyrs. The first is a man who believes and who is
true in faith, who meets the enemy (in battle), fulfills his duty to Allah and
is killed. This is the type that the people will look up to (his level in
Paradise), like this.) The Prophet raised his head until his cap fell off his
head, and the same happened to `Umar. The Prophet continued,
«وَالثَّانِي
مُؤْمِنٌ لَقِيَ الْعَدُوَّ فَكَأَنَّمَا يُضْرَبُ ظَهْرُهُ بِشَوْكِ الطَّلْحِ،
جَاءَهُ سَهْمٌ غَرْبٌ فَقَتَلَهُ، فَذَاكَ فِي الدَّرَجَةِ الثَّانِيَةِ.
وَالثَّالِثُ رَجُلٌ مُؤْمِنٌ خَلَطَ عَمَلًا صَالِحًا وَآخَرَ سَيِّئًا، لَقِيَ
الْعَدُوَّ فَصَدَقَ اللهَ حَتْى قُتِلَ، فَذَاكَ فِي الدَّرَجَةِ الثَّالِثَةِ.
وَالرَّابِعُ رَجُلٌ مُؤْمِنٌ أَسْرَفَ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ إِسْرَافًا كَثِيرًا، لَقِيَ
الْعَدُوَّ فَصَدَقَ اللهَ حَتْى قُتِلَ، فَذَاكَ فِي الدَّرَجَةِ
الرَّابِعَة»
(The second is a believer who meets the enemy and is struck by a stray arrow
which causes him to die. This believer is in the second grade. The third is a
believer who has combined good deeds with evil deeds; he meets the enemy and is
truthful to his duty to Allah until he is killed. This is the third category.
And the fourth is a believer who has committed sins excessively, so he meets the
enemy and is truthful to his duty to Allah, and is killed. This is the fourth
category.) `Ali bin Al-Madini also reported this Hadith and said, "This Egyptian
chain is Salih useful.'' At-Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Gharib.'' Allah's statement,
[وَالَّذِينَ
كَفَرُواْ وَكَذَّبُواْ بِـَايَـتِنَآ أُوْلَـئِكَ أَصْحَـبُ الْجَحِيمِ ]
(But those who disbelieve and deny Our Ayat -- they shall be the dwellers of
the blazing Fire.) mentions the destination and the condition of the miserable
ones, after Allah mentioned the destination and rewards of the happy ones.
[اعْلَمُواْ أَنَّمَا
الْحَيَوةُ الدُّنْيَا لَعِبٌ وَلَهْوٌ وَزِينَةٌ وَتَفَاخُرٌ بَيْنَكُمْ
وَتَكَاثُرٌ فِى الاٌّمْوَلِ وَالاٌّوْلْـدِ كَمَثَلِ غَيْثٍ أَعْجَبَ الْكُفَّارَ
نَبَاتُهُ ثُمَّ يَهِيجُ فَتَرَاهُ مُصْفَرّاً ثُمَّ يَكُونُ حُطَاماً وَفِى
الاٌّخِرَةِ عَذَابٌ شَدِيدٌ وَمَغْفِرَةٌ مِّنَ اللَّهِ وَرِضْوَنٌ وَمَا
الْحَيَوةُ الدُّنْيَآ إِلاَّ مَتَـعُ الْغُرُورِ - سَابِقُواْ إِلَى مَغْفِرَةٍ
مِّن رَّبِّكُمْ وَجَنَّةٍ عَرْضُهَا كَعَرْضِ السَّمَآءِ وَالاٌّرْضِ أُعِدَّتْ
لِلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ بِاللَّهِ وَرُسُلِهِ ذَلِكَ فَضْلُ اللَّهِ يُؤْتِيهِ مَن
يَشَآءُ وَاللَّهُ ذُو الْفَضْلِ الْعَظِيمِ ]
(20. Know that the life of this world is only play and amusement, pomp and
mutual boasting among you, and rivalry in respect of wealth and children. (It
is) like a rain (Ghayth), thereof the growth is pleasing to the tiller;
afterwards it dries up and you see it turning yellow; then it becomes straw. But
in the Hereafter (there is) a severe torment, and (there is) forgiveness from
Allah and (His) pleasure. And the life of this world is only a deceiving
enjoyment.) (21. Race with one another in hastening towards forgiveness from
your Lord, and Paradise the width whereof is as the width of the heaven and the
earth, prepared for those who believe in Allah and His Messengers. That is the
grace of Allah which He bestows on whom He is pleased with. And Allah is the
Owner of great bounty.)
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