Allah states that the hypocrites, `Abdullah bin Ubayy and his like, sent a
messenger to Bani An-Nadir promising them help. Allah the Exalted said,
[أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى
الَّذِينَ نَـفَقُواْ يَقُولُونَ لإِخْوَانِهِمُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ مِنْ أَهْلِ
الْكِتَـبِ لَئِنْ أُخْرِجْتُمْ لَنَخْرُجَنَّ مَعَكُمْ وَلاَ نُطِيعُ فيكُمْ
أَحَداً أَبَداً وَإِن قُوتِلْتُمْ لَنَنصُرَنَّكُمْ]
(Have you not observed the hypocrites who say to their friends among the
People of the Scripture who disbelieve: "If you are expelled, we indeed will go
out with you, and we shall never obey anyone against you; and if you are
attacked, we shall indeed help you.'') Allah then said,
[وَاللَّهُ يَشْهَدُ
إِنَّهُمْ لَكَـذِبُونَ]
(But Allah is Witness that they verily are liars.) meaning, the hypocrites
lied when they issued this promise, because it was just words that they did not
intend to fulfill. Also, what they said they would do, would never have been
fulfilled by them, and this is why Allah said,
[وَلَئِن قُوتِلُواْ
لاَ يَنصُرُونَهُمْ]
(and if they are attacked, they will never help them.) meaning, the
hypocrites will not fight along with the Jews,
[وَلَئِن
نَّصَرُوهُمْ]
(And (even) if they do help them, ) and even if the hypocrites did fight
along their side,
[لَيُوَلُّنَّ
الاٌّدْبَـرَ ثُمَّ لاَ يُنصَرُونَ]
(they will turn their backs, and they will not be victorious.) This Ayah
contains good news, just as the good news that this following Ayah conveys,
[لاّنتُمْ أَشَدُّ
رَهْبَةً فِى صُدُورِهِمْ مِّنَ اللَّهِ]
(Verily, you are more fearful in their breasts than Allah.) meaning, the
hypocrites fear you more than they fear Allah, as He says;
[إِذَا فَرِيقٌ
مِّنْهُمْ يَخْشَوْنَ النَّاسَ كَخَشْيَةِ اللَّهِ أَوْ أَشَدَّ خَشْيَةً]
(Behold! a section of them fear men as they fear Allah or even more.)(4:77)
This is why Allah said,
[ذَلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ
قَوْمٌ لاَّ يَفْقَهُونَ]
(That is because they are a people who comprehend not.) Allah then said,
[لاَ
يُقَـتِلُونَكُمْ جَمِيعاً إِلاَّ فِى قُرًى مُّحَصَّنَةٍ أَوْ مِن وَرَآءِ
جُدُرٍ]
(They fight not against you even together, except in fortified townships, or
from behind walls.) meaning, they will not fight Muslims except from behind
besieged fortified forts, because of their cowardice and fear of Muslims. They
only fight when they have to defend themselves (even though they threaten
Muslims of reprisals). Allah the Exalted said,
[بَأْسُهُمْ
بَيْنَهُمْ شَدِيدٌ]
(Their enmity among themselves is very great.) meaning, the enmity they feel
against each other is intense,
[وَيُذِيقَ
بَعْضَكُمْ بَأْسَ بَعْضٍ]
(And make you to taste the violence of one another.)(6:65) Allah said in the
Ayah,
[تَحْسَبُهُمْ
جَمِيعاً وَقُلُوبُهُمْ شَتَّى]
(You would think they were united, but their hearts are divided.) meaning,
even though one might see them combining forces and think that these forces are
harmonious, yet in reality, they are divided severely. Ibrahim An-Nakha`i said
that this Ayah refers to the hypocrites and the People of the Scriptures,
[ذلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ
قَوْمٌ لاَّ يَعْقِلُونَ]
(That is because they are a people who understand not.) Allah said,
[كَمَثَلِ الَّذِينَ
مِن قَبْلِهِمْ قَرِيباً ذَاقُواْ وَبَالَ أَمْرِهِمْ وَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ
]
(They are like their immediate predecessors; they tasted the evil result of
their conduct, and for them a painful torment.) referring to the Jewish tribe of
Bani Qaynuqa`, according to Ibn `Abbas, Qatadah and Muhammad bin Ishaq.
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