Allah's statement,
[وَأُوْلَـتُ
الاٌّحْمَالِ أَجَلُهُنَّ أَن يَضَعْنَ حَمْلَهُنَّ]
(And for those who are pregnant, their `Iddah is until they lay down their
burden;) Allah says: the pregnant woman's `Iddah ends when she gives birth,
whether in the case of divorce or death of the husband, according to the
agreement of the majority of scholars of the Salaf and later generations. This
is based upon this honorable Ayah and what is mentioned in the Prophetic Sunnah.
Al-Bukhari recorded that Abu Salamah said, "A man came to Ibn `Abbas while Abu
Hurayrah was sitting with him and said, `Give me your verdict regarding a lady
who delivered a baby forty days after the death of her husband.' Ibn `Abbas
said,` [Her `Iddah period lasts until] the end of the longest among the two
prescribed periods.' I recited,
[وَأُوْلَـتُ
الاٌّحْمَالِ أَجَلُهُنَّ أَن يَضَعْنَ حَمْلَهُنَّ]
(For those who are pregnant, their prescribed period is until they deliver
their burdens;) Abu Hurayrah said, `I agree with my cousin (Abu Salamah).' Then
Ibn `Abbas sent his slave Kurayb to Umm Salamah to ask her. She replied, `The
husband of Subay`ah Al-Aslamiyyah was killed while she was pregnant, and she
delivered a baby forty days after his death. Then she received a marriage
proposal and Allah's Messenger married her to somebody. Abu As-Sanabil was one
of those who proposed to her.'' Al-Bukhari collected this short form of the
Hadith, which Muslim and other scholars of Hadith collected using its longer
form. Imam Ahmad recorded that Al-Miswar bin Makhramah said, "Subay`ah
Al-Aslamiyyah gave birth to a child a few days after the death of her husband.
When she finished the postdelivery term, she was proposed to. So she sought the
permission of Allah's Messenger for the marriage, and he permitted her to marry,
so she got married.'' Al-Bukhari collected this narration, as did Muslim, Abu
Dawud, An-Nasa'i and Ibn Majah with a different chain of narration from the
Hadith of Subay`ah. Muslim bin Al-Hajjaj recorded that `Ubaydullah bin `Abdullah
bin `Utbah said that his father wrote to `Umar bin `Abdullah bin Al-Arqam
Az-Zuhri, requesting that he go to Subay`ah bint Al-Harith Al-Aslamiyyah to ask
her about the matter in question, and about what Allah's Messenger said to her
when she sought his verdict. `Umar bin `Abdullah wrote to `Ubaydullah bin
`Abdullah bin `Utbah informing him that Subay`ah told him that she had been
married to Sa`d bin Khawlah, and he was one of those who participated in the
battle of Badr. He died during the Farewell Pilgrimage, while she was pregnant.
Soon after his death, she gave birth. When she passed the postnatal term, she
beautified herself for those who might propose to her. Abu As-Sanabil bin Ba`kak
came to her and said, `Why do I see you have beautified yourself Do you wish to
remarry By Allah, you cannot marry unless four months and ten days have
passed.'' Subay`ah said, "When he said that, I dressed myself in the evening and
went to Allah's Messenger and asked him about his verdict. He gave me a
religious verdict that I was allowed to marry after I had given birth to my
child, saying I could marry if I wish.'' This is the narration that Muslim
collected. Al-Bukhari collected this Hadith in a shorter form. Allah's
statement,
[وَمَن يَتَّقِ
اللَّهَ يَجْعَل لَّهُ مِنْ أَمْرِهِ يُسْراً]
(and whosoever has Taqwa of Allah, He will make his matter easy for him.)
means, Allah will make his matters lenient for him and will soon bring forth
relief and a quick way out,
[ذَلِكَ أَمْرُ
اللَّهِ أَنزَلَهُ إِلَيْكُمْ]
(That is the command of Allah, which He has sent down to you;) meaning, this
is His commandment and legislation that He sent down to you through His
Messenger ,
[وَمَن يَتَّقِ
اللَّهَ يُكَفِّرْ عَنْهُ سَيِّئَـتِهِ وَيُعْظِمْ لَهُ أَجْراً]
(and whosoever has Taqwa of Allah, He will expiate from him his sins, and
will increase his reward.) means, Allah will prevent what he fears and multiply
his reward even for the little good he does.
[أَسْكِنُوهُنَّ مِنْ
حَيْثُ سَكَنتُم مِّن وُجْدِكُمْ وَلاَ تُضَآرُّوهُنَّ لِتُضَيِّقُواْ عَلَيْهِنَّ
وَإِن كُنَّ أُوْلَـتِ حَمْلٍ فَأَنفِقُواْ عَلَيْهِنَّ حَتَّى يَضَعْنَ
حَمْلَهُنَّ فَإِنْ أَرْضَعْنَ لَكُمْ فَـَاتُوهُنَّ أُجُورَهُنَّ وَأْتَمِرُواْ
بَيْنَكُمْ بِمَعْرُوفٍ وَإِن تَعَاسَرْتُمْ فَسَتُرْضِعُ لَهُ أُخْرَى - لِيُنفِقْ
ذُو سَعَةٍ مِّن سَعَتِهِ وَمَن قُدِرَ عَلَيْهِ رِزْقُهُ فَلْيُنفِقْ مِمَّآ
ءَاتَاهُ اللَّهُ لاَ يُكَلِّفُ اللَّهُ نَفْساً إِلاَّ مَآ ءَاتَاهَا سَيَجْعَلُ
اللَّهُ بَعْدَ عُسْرٍ يُسْراً ]
(6. Lodge them where you dwell, according to what you have, and do not harm
them so as to suppress them. And if they are pregnant, then spend on them till
they lay down their burden. Then if they suckle the children for you, give them
their due payment, and let each of you deal with each other in a mannerly way.
But if you make difficulties for one another, then some other woman may suckle
for him.) (7. Let the rich man spend according to his means; and the man whose
resources are restricted, let him spend according to what Allah has given him.
Allah puts no burden on any person beyond what He has given him. Allah will
grant after hardship, ease.)
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