Allah says, `just as We have favored you and given you the upright
legislation and great (standard of) character,'
[فَلاَ تُطِعِ
الْمُكَذِّبِينَ - وَدُّواْ لَوْ تُدْهِنُ فَيُدْهِنُونَ ]
(So, do not obey the deniers. They wish that you should compromise with them,
so they (too) would compromise with you.) Ibn `Abbas said, "That you would
permit them (their idolatry) and they also would permit you (to practice your
religion).'' Mujahid said,
[وَدُّواْ لَوْ
تُدْهِنُ فَيُدْهِنُونَ ]
(They wish that you should compromise with them, so they (too) would
compromise with you.) "This means that you should be quiet about their gods and
abandon the truth that you are upon.'' Then Allah says,
[وَلاَ تُطِعْ كُلَّ
حَلاَّفٍ مَّهِينٍ ]
(And do not obey every Hallaf (one who swears much) Mahin (liar or worthless
person).) This is because the liar, due to his weakness and his disgracefulness,
only seeks protection in his false oaths which he boldly swears to while using
Allah's Names, and he uses them (false oaths) all the time and out of place
(i.e., unnecessarily). Ibn `Abbas said, "Al-Mahin means the liar.'' Then Allah
says,
[هَمَّازٍ]
(A Hammaz, ) Ibn `Abbas and Qatadah both said, "This is slander.''
[مَّشَّآءِ
بِنَمِيمٍ]
(going about with Namim,) This refers to the one who goes around among people
instigating discord between them and carrying tales in order to corrupt
relations between people when they are good and pleasant. It is confirmed in the
Two Sahihs that Mujahid reported from Tawus that Ibn `Abbas said, "The Messenger
of Allah once passed by two graves and he said,
«إِنَّهُمَا
لَيُعَذَّبَانِ وَمَا يُعَذَّبَانِ فِي كَبِيرٍ، أَمَّا أَحَدُهُمَا فَكَانَ لَا
يَسْتَتِرُ مِنَ الْبَوْلِ، وَأَمَّا الْاخَرُ فَكَانَ يَمْشِي
بِالنَّمِيمَة»
(Verily, these two are being punished, and they are not being punished for
something major. One of them was not careful about protecting himself from urine
(when relieving himself). The other one used to spread Namimah.)'' This Hadith
has been recorded by the Group in their books through routes of transmission
that are all on the authority of Mujahid. Imam Ahmad recorded that Hudhayfah
said, "I heard the Messenger of Allah saying,
«لَا يَدْخُلُ
الْجَنَّةَ قَتَّات»
(The slanderer will not enter into Paradise.)'' This Hadith has been reported
by the Group except for Ibn Majah. Concerning Allah's statement,
[مَّنَّاعٍ
لِّلْخَيْرِ مُعْتَدٍ أَثِيمٍ ]
(Hinderer of good, transgressor, sinful,) it means, he refuses to give and
withholds that which he has of good.
[مُعْتَدٍ]
(transgressor,) this means, in attaining that which Allah has made
permissible for him, he exceeds the legislated bounds.
[أَثِيمٍ]
(sinful,) meaning, he delves into the forbidden things. Concerning Allah's
statement,
[عُتُلٍّ بَعْدَ
ذَلِكَ زَنِيمٍ ]
(`Utul, and moreover Zanim.) `Utul means one who is cruel, harsh, strong,
greedy and stingy. Imam Ahmad recorded from Al-Harithah bin Wahb that the
Messenger of Allah said,
«أَلَا أُنَبِّئُكُمْ
بِأَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ؟ كُلُّ ضَعِيفٍ مُتَضَعِّفٍ لَوْ أَقْسَمَ عَلَى اللهِ
لَأَبَرَّهُ. أَلَا أُنَبِّئُكُمْ بِأَهْلِ النَّارِ؟ كُلُّ عُتُلَ جَوَّاظٍ
مُسْتَكْبِر»
(Shall I inform you of the people of Paradise (They will be) every weak and
oppressed person. When he swears by Allah, he fulfills his oath. Shall I inform
you of the people of the Fire Every `Utul (cruel person), Jawwaz and arrogant
person.) Al-Waki` said, "It (`Utul) is every Jawwaz, Ja`zari and arrogant
person.'' Both Al-Bukhari and Muslim recorded this in their Two Sahihs, as well
as the rest of the Group, except for Abu Dawud. All of its routes of
transmission are by way of Sufyan Ath-Thawri and Shu`bah who both reported it
from Sa`id bin Khalid. The scholars of Arabic language have said that Ja`zari
means rude and harsh, while Jawwaz means greedy and stingy. Concerning the word
Zanim, Al-Bukhari recorded from Ibn `Abbas that he said concerning the Ayah,
[عُتُلٍّ بَعْدَ
ذَلِكَ زَنِيمٍ ]
(`Utul (cruel), and moreover Zanim.) "A man from the Quraysh who stands out
among them like the sheep that has had a piece of its ear cut off.'' The meaning
of this is that he is famous for his evil just as a sheep that has a piece of
its ear cut off stands out among its sister sheep. In the Arabic language the
Zanim is a person who is adopted among a group of people (i.e., he is not truly
of them). Ibn Jarir and others among the Imams have said this. Concerning
Allah's statement,
[أَن كَانَ ذَا مَالٍ
وَبَنِينَ - إِذَا تُتْلَى عَلَيْهِ ءَايَـتُنَا قَالَ أَسَـطِيرُ الاٌّوَّلِينَ
]
((He was so) because he had wealth and children. When Our Ayat are recited to
him, he says: "Tales of the men of old!'') Allah is saying, `this is how he
responds to the favors that Allah has bestowed upon him of wealth and children,
by disbelieving in Allah's Ayat and turning away from them while claiming that
they are a lie that has been taken from the tales of the ancients.' This is
similar to Allah's statement,
[ذَرْنِى وَمَنْ
خَلَقْتُ وَحِيداً - وَجَعَلْتُ لَهُ مَالاً مَّمْدُوداً - وَبَنِينَ شُهُوداً -
وَمَهَّدتُّ لَهُ تَمْهِيداً - ثُمَّ يَطْمَعُ أَنْ أَزِيدَ - كَلاَّ إِنَّهُ كان
لاٌّيَـتِنَا عَنِيداً - سَأُرْهِقُهُ صَعُوداً - إِنَّهُ فَكَّرَ وَقَدَّرَ -
فَقُتِلَ كَيْفَ قَدَّرَ - ثُمَّ قُتِلَ كَيْفَ قَدَّرَ - ثُمَّ نَظَرَ - ثُمَّ
عَبَسَ وَبَسَرَ - ثُمَّ أَدْبَرَ وَاسْتَكْبَرَ - فَقَالَ إِنْ هَـذَآ إِلاَّ
سِحْرٌ يُؤْثَرُ - إِنْ هَـذَآ إِلاَّ قَوْلُ الْبَشَرِ - سَأُصْلِيهِ سَقَرَ -
وَمَآ أَدْرَاكَ مَا سَقَرُ - لاَ تُبْقِى وَلاَ تَذَرُ - لَوَّاحَةٌ لِّلْبَشَرِ -
عَلَيْهَا تِسْعَةَ عَشَرَ ]
(Leave Me alone (to deal) with whom I created lonely (without any wealth and
children etc.). And then granted him resources in abundance. And children to be
by his side. And made life smooth and comfortable for him. After all that he
desires that I should give more. Nay! Verily, he has been opposing Our Ayat. I
shall oblige him to face a severe torment! Verily, he thought and plotted. So
let him be cursed, how he plotted! And once more let him be cursed, how he
plotted! Then he thought. Then he frowned and he looked in a bad tempered way.
Then he turned back, and was proud. Then he said: "This is nothing but magic
from that of old, this is nothing but the word of a human being!'' I will cast
him into Hellfire. And what will make you know what Hellfire is It spares not
(any sinner), nor does it leave (anything unburned)! Burning and blackening the
skins! Over it are nineteen (angels as keepers of Hell).) [74:11-30] Then Allah
said here,
[سَنَسِمُهُ عَلَى
الْخُرْطُومِ ]
(We shall brand him on the snout!) Ibn Jarir said, "We will make his matter
clear and evident so that they will know him and he will not be hidden from
them, just as the branding mark on the snouts (of animals).'' Others have said,
[سَنَسِمُهُ]
(We shall brand him) This is the mark of the people of the Hell-fire;
meaning, `We will blacken his face on the Day of Judgement,' and the face has
been referred to here as snout.
[إِنَّا
بَلَوْنَـهُمْ كَمَا بَلَوْنَآ أَصْحَـبَ الْجَنَّةِ إِذْ أَقْسَمُواْ
لَيَصْرِمُنَّهَا مُصْبِحِينَ - وَلاَ يَسْتَثْنُونَ - فَطَافَ عَلَيْهَا طَآئِفٌ
مِّن رَّبِّكَ وَهُمْ نَآئِمُونَ - فَأَصْبَحَتْ كَالصَّرِيمِ - فَتَنَادَوْاْ
مُصْبِحِينَ - أَنِ اغْدُواْ عَلَى حَرْثِكُمْ إِن كُنتُمْ صَـرِمِينَ -
فَانطَلَقُواْ وَهُمْ يَتَخَـفَتُونَ - أَن لاَّ يَدْخُلَنَّهَا الْيَوْمَ
عَلَيْكُمْ مِّسْكِينٌ - وَغَدَوْاْ عَلَى حَرْدٍ قَـدِرِينَ - فَلَمَّا رَأَوْهَا
قَالُواْ إِنَّا لَضَآلُّونَ بَلْ نَحْنُ مَحْرُومُونَ قَالَ أَوْسَطُهُمْ أَلَمْ
أَقُلْ لَّكُمْ لَوْلاَ تُسَبِّحُونَ ]
قَالُواْ سُبْحَـنَ
رَبّنَآ إِنَّا كُنَّا ظَـلِمِينَ- فَأَقْبَلَ بَعْضُهُمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ
يَتَلَـوَمُونَ- قَالُواْ يوَيْلَنَآ إِنَّا كُنَّا طَـغِينَ- عَسَى رَبُّنَآ أَن
يُبْدِلَنَا خَيْراً مّنْهَآ إِنَّآ إِلَى رَبّنَا رغِبُونَ- كَذَلِكَ الْعَذَابُ
وَلَعَذَابُ الاْخِرَةِ أَكْبَرُ لَوْ كَانُواْ يَعْلَمُونَ-]
(17. Verily, We have tried them as We tried the People of the Garden, when
they swore to pluck the fruits in the morning,) (18. Without (saying: "If Allah
wills.'')) (19. Then there passed over it a Ta'if from your Lord while they were
asleep.) (20. So by the morning, it became like As-Sarim.) (21. Then they called
out (one to another as soon) as the morning broke.) (22. Saying: "Go to your
tilth in the morning, if you would pluck (the fruits).'') (23. So they departed,
and they were whispering:) (24. "No poor person shall enter upon you into it
today.'') (25. And they went in the morning with Hard Qadirin.) (26. But when
they saw it, they said: "Verily, we have gone astray.'') (27. "Nay! Indeed we
are deprived!'') (28. The Awsat among them said; "Did I not tell you, `Why do
you not Tusabbihun.''') (29. They said: "Glory to Our Lord! Verily, we have been
wrongdoers.'') (30. Then they turned one against another, blaming.) (31. They
said: "Woe to us! Verily, we were Taghin.'') (32. "We hope that our Lord will
give us in exchange better than it. Truly, we hope in our Lord.'') (33. Such is
the punishment, but truly, the punishment of the Hereafter is greater if they
but knew.)
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