Allah states that He allowed Adam and his wife to dwell in Paradise and to
eat from all of its fruits, except one tree. We have already discussed this in
Surat Al-Baqarah. Thus, Shaytan envied them and plotted deceitfully, whispering
and suggesting treachery. He wished to rid them of the various favors and nice
clothes that they were enjoying.
[وَقَالَ]
(He (Shaytan) said) uttering lies and falsehood,
[مَا نَهَـكُمَا
رَبُّكُمَا عَنْ هَـذِهِ الشَّجَرَةِ إِلاَ أَن تَكُونَا مَلَكَيْنِ]
("Your Lord did not forbid you this tree save you should become angels...'')
meaning, so that you do not become angels or dwell here for eternity. Surely, if
you eat from this tree, you will attain both, he said. In another Ayah,
[قَالَ يـَادَمُ هَلْ
أَدُلُّكَ عَلَى شَجَرَةِ الْخُلْدِ وَمُلْكٍ لاَّ يَبْلَى]
(Shaytan whispered to him, saying: "O Adam! Shall I lead you to the Tree of
Eternity and to a kingdom that will never waste away'') [20:120]. Here, the
wording is similar, so it means, `so that you do not become angels' as in;
[يُبَيِّنُ اللَّهُ
لَكُمْ أَن تَضِلُّواْ]
((Thus) does Allah make clear to you (His Law) lest you go astray. ) [4:176]
meaning, so that you do not go astray, and,
[وَأَلْقَى فِى
الاٌّرْضِ رَوَاسِىَ أَن تَمِيدَ بِكُمْ]
(And He has affixed into the earth mountains standing firm, lest it should
shake with you;) [16:15] that is, so that the earth does not shake with you.
[وَقَاسَمَهُمَآ]
(And he Qasamahuma), swore to them both by Allah, saying,
[إِنِّي لَكُمَا
لَمِنَ النَّـصِحِينَ]
("Verily, I am one of the sincere well-wishers for you both.'') for I was
here before you and thus have better knowledge of this place. It is a fact that
the believer in Allah might sometimes become the victim of deceit. Qatadah
commented on this Ayah, "Shaytan swore by Allah, saying, `I was created before
you, and I have better knowledge than you. Therefore, follow me and I will
direct you.'''
[فَدَلَّـهُمَا
بِغُرُورٍ فَلَمَّا ذَاقَا الشَّجَرَةَ بَدَتْ لَهُمَا سَوْءَتُهُمَا وَطَفِقَا
يَخْصِفَانِ عَلَيْهِمَا مِن وَرَقِ الْجَنَّةِ وَنَادَاهُمَا رَبُّهُمَآ أَلَمْ
أَنْهَكُمَا عَن تِلْكُمَا الشَّجَرَةِ وَأَقُل لَّكُمَآ إِنَّ الشَّيْطَـنَ
لَكُمَا عَدُوٌّ مُّبِينٌ - قَالاَ رَبَّنَا ظَلَمْنَآ أَنفُسَنَا وَإِن لَّمْ
تَغْفِرْ لَنَا وَتَرْحَمْنَا لَنَكُونَنَّ مِنَ الْخَـسِرِينَ ]
(22. So he misled them with deception. Then when they tasted of the tree,
that which was hidden from them of their shame (private parts) became manifest
to them and they began to cover themselves with the leaves of Paradise. And
their Lord called out to them (saying): "Did I not forbid you that tree and tell
you: Verily, Shaytan is an open enemy unto you'') (23. They said: "Our Lord! We
have wronged ourselves. If You forgive us not, and bestow not upon us Your
mercy, we shall certainly be of the losers.'') Ubayy bin Ka`b said, "Adam was a
tall man, about the height of a palm tree, and he had thick hair on his head.
When he committed the error that he committed, his private part appeared to him
while before, he did not see it. So he started running in fright through
Paradise, but a tree in Paradise took him by the head. He said to it, `Release
me,' but it said, `No, I will not release you.' So his Lord called him, `O Adam!
Do you run away from Me' He said, `O Lord! I felt ashamed before You.''' Ibn
Jarir and Ibn Marduwyah collected this statement using several chains of
narration from Al-Hasan from Ubayy bin Ka`b who narrated it from the Prophet .
However, relating the Hadith to Ubayy is more correct. Ibn `Abbas commented on
the Ayah,
[وَطَفِقَا
يَخْصِفَانِ عَلَيْهِمَا مِن وَرَقِ الْجَنَّةِ]
(And they began to cover themselves with the leaves of Paradise.) "Using fig
leaves.'' This statement has an authentic chain of narration leading to Ibn
`Abbas. Mujahid said that they began to cover themselves with the leaves of
Paradise, "Making them as a dress (or garment).'' Commenting on Allah's
statement,
[يَنزِعُ عَنْهُمَا
لِبَاسَهُمَا]
(Stripping them of their raiment) [7:27] Wahb bin Munabbih said, "The private
parts of Adam and Hawwa' had a light covering them which prevented them from
seeing the private parts of each other. When they ate from the tree, their
private parts appeared to them.'' Ibn Jarir reported this statement with an
authentic chain of narration. Abdur-Razzaq reported from Qatadah, "Adam said, `O
Lord! What if I repented and sought forgiveness' Allah said, `Then, I will admit
you into Paradise.' As for Shaytan, he did not ask for forgiveness, but for
respite. Each one of them was given what he asked for.'' Ad-Dahhak bin Muzahim
commented,
[رَبَّنَا ظَلَمْنَآ
أَنفُسَنَا وَإِن لَّمْ تَغْفِرْ لَنَا وَتَرْحَمْنَا لَنَكُونَنَّ مِنَ
الْخَـسِرِينَ]
("Our Lord! We have wronged ourselves. If You forgive us not, and bestow not
upon us Your mercy, we shall certainly be of the losers.'') "These are the words
that Adam received from his Lord.''
[قَالَ اهْبِطُواْ
بَعْضُكُمْ لِبَعْضٍ عَدُوٌّ وَلَكُمْ فِى الاٌّرْضِ مُسْتَقَرٌّ وَمَتَـعٌ إِلَى
حِينٍ - قَالَ فِيهَا تَحْيَوْنَ وَفِيهَا تَمُوتُونَ وَمِنْهَا تُخْرَجُونَ
]
(24. (Allah) said: "Get down, one of you an enemy to the other. On earth will
be a dwelling place for you and an enjoyment for a time.'') (25. He said:
"Therein you shall live, and therein you shall die, and from it you shall be
brought out (resurrected).'')