Allah states that when the people of Fir`awn rebelled and transgressed, even
though He inflicted them with consecutive signs, one after another, He took
retribution from them by drowning them in the sea that Musa parted by Allah's
power, and he and the Children of Israel passed through. In their pursuit,
Fir`awn and his soldiers went in the sea chasing Musa and his people. When they
all had gone inside the water, the sea closed in on them and they all drowned,
because they belied the Ayat of Allah and were heedless of them. Allah said that
He has granted the people who were considered weak, the Children of Israel, to
inherit the eastern and western parts of the land. Al-Hasan Al-Basri and Qatadah
commented that Allah's statement,
[مَشَـرِقَ الاٌّرْضِ
وَمَغَـرِبَهَا الَّتِى بَارَكْنَا فِيهَا]
(...the eastern parts of the land and the western parts thereof which We have
blessed.) refers to the Sham area (Greater Syria). Also, Mujahid and Ibn Jarir
said that Allah's statement,
[وَتَمَّتْ كَلِمَتُ
رَبِّكَ الْحُسْنَى عَلَى بَنِى إِسْرءِيلَ بِمَا صَبَرُواْ]
(And the fair Word of your Lord was fulfilled for the Children of Israel,
because of their endurance.) is explained by Allah's other statement,
[وَنُرِيدُ أَن
نَّمُنَّ عَلَى الَّذِينَ اسْتُضْعِفُواْ فِى الاٌّرْضِ وَنَجْعَلَهُمْ أَئِمَّةً
وَنَجْعَلَهُمُ الْوَارِثِينَ - وَنُمَكِّنَ لَهُمْ فِى الاٌّرْضِ وَنُرِىَ
فِرْعَوْنَ وَهَـمَـنَ وَجُنُودَهُمَا مِنْهُمْ مَّا كَانُواْ يَحْذَرونَ ]
(And We wished to do a favor to those who were weak (and oppressed) in the
land, and to make them rulers and to make them the inheritors. And to establish
them in the land, and We let Fir`awn and Haman and their hosts receive from them
that which they feared) [28:5-6]. Further, Allah's statement,
[وَدَمَّرْنَا مَا
كَانَ يَصْنَعُ فِرْعَوْنُ وَقَوْمُهُ]
(And We destroyed what Fir`awn and his people produced,) meaning, We
destroyed what Fir`awn and his people produced, such as agriculture and
buildings.
[وَمَا كَانُواْ
يَعْرِشُونَ]
(and what they erected.) Ibn `Abbas and Mujahid said that
[يَعْرِشُونَ]
(they erected) means, they built.
[وَجَـوَزْنَا
بِبَنِى إِسْرءِيلَ الْبَحْرَ فَأَتَوْاْ عَلَى قَوْمٍ يَعْكُفُونَ عَلَى أَصْنَامٍ
لَّهُمْ قَالُواْ يَمُوسَى اجْعَلْ لَّنَآ إِلَـهًا كَمَا لَهُمْ ءَالِهَةٌ قَالَ
إِنَّكُمْ قَوْمٌ تَجْهَلُونَ ]
[إِنَّ هَـؤُلاءِ
مُتَبَّرٌ مَّا هُمْ فِيهِ وَبَـطِلٌ مَّا كَانُواْ يَعْمَلُونَ ]
(138. And We brought the Children of Israel (with safety) across the sea, and
they came upon a people devoted to some of their idols (in worship). They said:
"O Musa! Make for us a god as they have gods.'' He said: "Verily, you are an
ignorant people.'') (139. [Musa added:] "Verily, these people will be destroyed
for that which they are engaged in (idols' worship). And all that they are doing
is in vain.'')
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