Allah rebukes the disbelievers who, in the time of the Prophet , saw him and
the guidance Allah sent him with. They witnessed the magnificent miracles Allah
aided him with. Then, after all of this they fled from him and separated
themselves from him. They fled right and left, group by group and party by
party. This is as Allah says,
[فَمَا لَهُمْ عَنِ
التَّذْكِرَةِ مُعْرِضِينَ - كَأَنَّهُمْ حُمُرٌ مُّسْتَنفِرَةٌ - فَرَّتْ مِن
قَسْوَرَةٍ ]
(Then what is wrong with them that they run away from admonition As if they
were (frightened) wild donkeys. Fleeing from a beast of prey.) (74:49-51) This
is the example of disbeliever. And this Ayah is similar. As Allah says,
[فَمَالِ الَّذِينَ
كَفَرُواْ قِبَلَكَ مُهْطِعِينَ ]
(So what is the matter with those disbelievers, before you Muhti`in) meaning,
`what is wrong with these disbelievers who are with you, O Muhammad Why are they
Muhti`in, meaning hastily running away from you' This is as Al-Hasan Al-Basri
said, "Muhti`in means departing.''
[عَنِ الْيَمِينِ
وَعَنِ الشِّمَالِ عِزِينَ ]
(On the right and on the left, `Izin.) The singular of `Izin is `Izah, which
means separating. meaning in their separating and their differing. Al-`Awfi
reported from Ibn `Abbas about the Ayah;
[فَمَالِ الَّذِينَ
كَفَرُواْ قِبَلَكَ مُهْطِعِينَ ]
(So what is the matter with those disbelievers, before you Muhti`in.) "They
are looking in your direction.'' Then the Ayah;
[عَنِ الْيَمِينِ
وَعَنِ الشِّمَالِ عِزِينَ ]
(On the right and on the left, `Izin.) he (Ibn `Abbas) said, "Al-`Izin is a
group among the people. On the right and on the left means they are turning away
(right and left) from him (the Prophet ) and mocking him.'' Jabir bin Samurah
narrated that the Messenger of Allah came out to them while they were sitting in
circles. So the Messenger of Allah said,
«مَا لِي أَرَاكُمْ
عِزِينَ؟»
(Why do I see you all `Izin (in groups).) Ahmad, Muslim, Abu Dawud, An-Nasa'i
and Ibn Jarir all recorded this Hadith. Then, concerning Allah's statement,
[أَيَطْمَعُ كُلُّ
امْرِىءٍ مِّنْهُمْ أَن يُدْخَلَ جَنَّةَ نَعِيمٍ كَلاَّ]
(Does every man of them hope to enter the Paradise of Delight But no!)
meaning, is this their wish, yet they flee from the Messenger in aversion to the
truth Are they hoping that they will be admitted into the Gardens of Delight
Nay, rather their abode is Hell. Then Allah affirms the occurrence of the Final
Abode and the torment that will befall them that they are denying its existence
and claiming it to be something farfetched. As a proof against them, Allah
mentions the initiation of creation, and that repeating the process is something
easier than performing it the first time. This is something that they themselves
confess to. Allah says,
[إِنَّا خَلَقْنَـهُم
مِّمَّا يَعْلَمُونَ]
(Verily, We have created them out of that which they know!) meaning, from
despised semen. This is as Allah says,
[أَلَمْ نَخْلُقكُّم
مِّن مَّآءٍ مَّهِينٍ ]
(Did We not create you from a despised water (semen)) (77:20) Allah also
says,
[فَلْيَنظُرِ
الإِنسَـنُ مِمَّ خُلِقَ - خُلِقَ مِن مَّآءٍ دَافِقٍ - يَخْرُجُ مِن بَيْنِ
الصُّلْبِ وَالتَّرَآئِبِ - إِنَّهُ عَلَى رَجْعِهِ لَقَادِرٌ - يَوْمَ تُبْلَى
السَّرَآئِرُ - فَمَا لَهُ مِن قُوَّةٍ وَلاَ نَاصِرٍ ]
(So let man see from what he is created! He is created from a water gushing
forth. Proceeding from between the backbone and the ribs. Verily He is able to
bring him back! The Day when all the secrets will be examined. Then he will have
no power, nor any helper.) (86:5-10) Then Allah says,
[فَلاَ أُقْسِمُ
بِرَبِّ الْمَشَـرِقِ وَالْمَغَـرِبِ]
(But no! I swear by the Lord of the easts and the wests) meaning, the One Who
created the heavens and the earth and made the east and the west. He is the One
Who subjected the stars causing them to appear in the eastern parts of the sky
and vanish in the western parts of it. The point of this statement is that the
matter is not as the disbelievers claim: that there is no final return, no
reckoning, no resurrection and no gathering. Rather all of this will occur and
come to pass. There is no way of avoiding it. This is the reason that Allah has
stated a negation at the beginning of this oath. This shows that He is swearing
by a denial of their claim. This is a refutation of their false claim of
rejecting the Day of Judgement. They already witnessed the greatness of Allah's
power in what is more convincing than the Day of Judgement, that is the creation
of the heavens and the earth, and the subjection of the creatures in them, the
animals, the inanimate objects and the other types of creatures that exist. This
is why Allah says,
[لَخَلْقُ
السَّمَـوَتِ وَالاٌّرْضِ أَكْـبَرُ مِنْ خَلْقِ النَّاسِ وَلَـكِنَّ أَكْـثَرَ
النَّاسِ لاَ يَعْلَمُونَ ]
(The creation of the heavens and the earth is indeed greater than the
creation of mankind; yet, most of mankind know not.) (40:57) Allah also says,
[أَوَلَمْ يَرَوْاْ
أَنَّ اللَّهَ الَّذِى خَلَقَ السَّمَـوَتِ وَالاٌّرْضِ وَلَمْ يَعْىَ
بِخَلْقِهِنَّ بِقَادِرٍ عَلَى أَن يُحْىِ الْمَوْتَى بَلَى إِنَّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ
شَىْءٍ قَدِيرٌ ]
(Do they not see that Allah, Who created the heavens and the earth, and was
not wearied by their creation, is able to give life to the dead Yes, He surely
is Able to do all things.) (46:33) Allah says in another Ayah,
[أَوَلَـيْسَ الَذِى
خَلَقَ السَّمَـوتِ وَالاٌّرْضَ بِقَـدِرٍ عَلَى أَن يَخْلُقَ مِثْلَهُم بَلَى
وَهُوَ الْخَلَّـقُ الْعَلِيمُ - إِنَّمَآ أَمْرُهُ إِذَآ أَرَادَ شَيْئاً أَن
يَقُولَ لَهُ كُن فَيَكُونُ ]
(Is not He Who created the heavens and the earth, able to create the like of
them Yes, indeed! He is the All-Knowing Supreme Creator. Verily, His command,
when He intends a thing, is only that He says to it, "Be!''-- and it is!)
(36:81,82) So here He says,
[فَلاَ أُقْسِمُ
بِرَبِّ الْمَشَـرِقِ وَالْمَغَـرِبِ إِنَّا لَقَـدِرُونَ عَلَى أَن نُّبَدِّلَ
خَيْراً مِّنْهُمْ]
(But no! I swear by the Lord of the easts and the wests that surely We are
Able --to replace them by (others) better than them..) meaning, `on the Day of
Judgement We will bring them back (to life) in bodies that are better than these
bodies that they have now.' For verily, Allah's power is suitable (able) to do
that.
[وَمَا نَحْنُ
بِمَسْبُوقِينَ]
(and We are not to be outrun.) meaning, `We are not unable.' This is as Allah
says,
[أَيَحْسَبُ
الإِنسَـنُ أَلَّن نَّجْمَعَ عِظَامَهُ - بَلَى قَـدِرِينَ عَلَى أَن نُّسَوِّىَ
بَنَانَهُ ]
(Does man think that We shall not assemble his bones Yes, We are able to put
together in perfect order the tips of his fingers.) (75:3,4) Allah also says,
[نَحْنُ قَدَّرْنَا
بَيْنَكُمُ الْمَوْتَ وَمَا نَحْنُ بِمَسْبُوقِينَ - عَلَى أَن نُّبَدِّلَ
أَمْثَـلَكُمْ وَنُنشِئَكُمْ فِى مَا لاَ تَعْلَمُونَ ]
(We have decreed death to you all, and We are not outstripped. To transfigure
you and create you in (forms) that you know not.) (56:60,61) Ibn Jarir preferred
the meaning to be: `a nation who will obey Us and not disobey Us.' He (Ibn
Jarir) interpreted it in the same way as Allah's statements,
[عَلَى أَن
نُّبَدِّلَ خَيْراً مِّنْهُمْ]
(To replace them by (others) better than them..) and:
[الْفُقَرَآءُ وَإِن
تَتَوَلَّوْاْ يَسْتَبْدِلْ قَوْماً غَيْرَكُمْ ثُمَّ لاَ يَكُونُواْ]
(And if you turn away, He will exchange you for some other people and they
will not be like you.) (47:38) However, the first interpretation is more obvious
since the other Ayat support that, and Allah the Most High knows best. Then
Allah says,
[فَذَرْهُمْ]
(So leave them) meaning, `O Muhammad!'
[يَخُوضُواْ
وَيَلْعَبُواْ]
(to plunge in vain talk and play about,) meaning, leave them in their denial,
disbelief and obstinance.
[حَتَّى يُلَـقُواْ
يَوْمَهُمُ الَّذِى يُوعَدُونَ]
(until they meet their Day which they are promised.) meaning, they are going
to know the outcome of that and taste its evil consequences.
[يَوْمَ يَخْرُجُونَ
مِنَ الاٌّجْدَاثِ سِرَاعاً كَأَنَّهُمْ إِلَى نُصُبٍ يُوفِضُونَ ]
(The Day when they will come out of the graves quickly as racing to a Nusub.)
meaning, they will stand up out of their graves when the Lord, Blessed be He the
Most High, calls them to the place of the reckoning. They will rise up quickly
as if they were rushing towards some monumental object. Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid and
Ad-Dahhak, all said, "As if they were rushing towards a flag.'' Abu `Aliyah and
Yahya bin Abi Kathir both said, "As if they were rushing towards a goal.'' The
majority of reciters recited this word as "Nasb'' (instead of Nusub) with a
Fathah over the letter Nun and a Sukun over the letter Sad. This (Nasb) is a
verbal noun meaning something that is erected. Al-Hasan Al-Basri recited it as
"Nusub'' with a Dammah over both the letter Nun and Sad. This (Nusub) means an
idol. With this recitation the Ayah means, as if their rushing to this place was
like when they used to hurry in the worldly life to the idol when they saw it.
They would rush hurriedly to see who would be the first of them to touch it.
This has been reported from Mujahid, Yahya bin Abi Kathir, Muslim Al-Batin,
Qatadah, Ad-Dahhak, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas, Abu Salih, `Asim bin Bahdalah, Ibn Zayd
and others. Concerning Allah's statement,
[خَـشِعَةً
أَبْصَـرُهُمْ]
(With their eyes lowered in fear) meaning humbled.
[تَرْهَقُهُمْ
ذِلَّةٌ]
(covering them with humility.) meaning, in return for how they behaved
arrogantly in the worldly life by refusing to be obedient (to Allah).
[ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمُ
الَّذِى كَانُواْ يُوعَدُونَ]
(That is the Day which they were promised!) This is the end of the Tafsir of
Surah Sa'ala Sa'il. And all praise and thanks are due to Allah.
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