Muhammad bin Ishaq reported that `Abdullah bin `Abbas said that before the
battle of Badr, the Messenger of Allah said,
«إِنِّي قَدْ
عَرَفْتُ أَنَّ أُنَاسًا مِنْ بَنِي هَاشِمٍ وَغَيْرِهِمْ قَدْ أُخْرِجُوا كَرْهًا
لَا حَاجَةَ لَهُمْ بِقِتَالِنَا فَمَنْ لَقِيَ مِنْكُمْ أَحَدًا مِنْهُمْ أَيْ
مِنْ بَنِي هَاشِمٍ فَلَا يَقْتُلْهُ، وَمَنْ لَقِيَ أَبَا الْبُخْتَرِي بْنَ
هِشَامٍ مُسْتَكرِهًا»
(I have come to know that some people from Bani Hashim and others were forced
to accompany the pagans, although they had no desire to fight us. Therefore,
whoever meets any of them (Bani Hashim), do not kill him. Whoever meets Abu
Al-Bukhtari bin Hisham, should not kill him. Whoever meets Al-`Abbas bin
`Abdul-Muttalib, let him not kill him, for he was forced to come (with the pagan
army).) Abu Hudhayfah bin `Utbah said, "Shall we kill our fathers, children,
brothers and tribesmen (from Quraysh), and leave Al-`Abbas By Allah! If I meet
him, I will kill him with the sword.'' When this reached the Messenger of Allah
, he said to `Umar bin Al-Khattab,
«يَا أَبَا
حَفْص»
(O Abu Hafs!), and `Umar said, "By Allah that was the first time that the
Messenger of Allah called me Abu Hafs.''
«أَيُضْرَبُ وَجْهُ
عَمِّ رَسُولِ اللهِ بِالسَّيْف»
(Will the face of the Messenger of Allahs's uncle be struck with the sword)
`Umar said, "O Allah's Messenger! Give me permission to cut off his neck
(meaning Abu Hudhayfah) for he has fallen into hypocrisy, by Allah!'' Ever since
that happened, Abu Hudhayfah used to say, "By Allah! I do not feel safe from
this statement coming back to haunt me, and I will continue to fear its
repercussions, unless Allah, the Exalted, forgives me for it through
martyrdom.'' Abu Hudhayfah was martyred during the battle of Al-Yamamah, may
Allah be pleased with him.
Ibn `Abbas said, "On the eve after Badr, the Messenger of Allah spent the
first part of the night awake, while the prisoners were bound. His Companions
said to him, `O Allah's Messenger! Why do you not sleep' Al-`Abbas had been
captured by a man from Al-Ansar, and the Messenger of Allah said to them,
«سَمِعْتُ أَنِينَ
عَمِّي الْعَبَّاسِ فِي وِثَاقِهِ فَأَطْلِقُوه»
(I heard the cries of pain from my uncle Al-`Abbas, because of his shackles,
so untie him.) When his uncle stopped crying from pain, Allah's Messenger went
to sleep.'' In his Sahih, Al-Bukhari recorded a Hadith from Musa bin `Uqbah who
said that Ibn Shihab said that Anas bin Malik said that some men from Al-Ansar
said to the Messenger of Allah , "O Allah's Messenger! Give us permission and we
will set free our maternal cousin Al-`Abbas without taking ransom from him.'' He
said,
«لَا وَاللهِ لَا
تَذَرُونَ مِنْهُ دِرْهَمًا»
(No, by Allah! Do not leave any Dirham of it.) And from Yunus Bikkir, from
Muhammad bin Ishaq, from Yazid bin Ruwman, from `Urwah, from Az-Zuhri that
several people said to him, "The Quraysh sent to the Messenger of Allah
concerning ransoming their prisoners, and each tribe paid what was required for
their prisoners. Al-`Abbas said, `O Allah's Messenger! I became a Muslims
before.' The Messenger of Allah said,
«اللهُ أَعْلَمُ
بِإِسْلَامِكَ فَإِنْ يَكُنْ كَمَا تَقُولُ فَإِنَّ اللهُ يُجْزِيكَ وَأَمَّا
ظَاهِرُكَ فَقَدْ كَانَ عَلَيْنَا فَافْتَدِ نَفْسَكَ وَابْنَي أَخِيكَ نَوْفَلَ
بْنَ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ عَبْدِالْمُطَّلِبِ وَعَقِيلَ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبِ بْنِ
عَبْدِالْمُطَّلِبِ ، وَحَلِيفَكَ عُتْبَةَ بْنَ عَمْرٍو أَخِي بَنِي الْحَارِثِ
بْنِ فِهْر»
(Allah knows if you are Muslim! If what you are claiming is true, then Allah
will compensate you. As for your outward appearance, it was against us.
Therefore, ransom yourself, as well as, your nephews Nawfal bin Al-Harith bin
`Abdul-Muttalib and `Aqil bin Abu Talib bin `Abdul-Muttalib, and also your ally
`Utbah bin `Amr, from Bani Al-Harith bin Fihr.) Al-`Abbas said, `I do not have
that (money), O Allah's Messenger!' The Messenger said,
«فَأَيْنَ الْمَالُ
الَّذِي دَفَنْتَهُ أَنْتَ وَأُمُّ الْفَضْلِ فَقُلْتَ لَهَا: إِنْ أَصَبْتُ فِي
سَفَرِي هَذَا، فَهَذَا الْمَالُ الَّذِي دَفَنْتُهُ لِبَنِي الْفَضْلِ
وَعَبْدِاللهِ وَقُثَمٍ؟»
(What about the wealth that you and Umm Al-Fadl buried, and you said to her,
`If I am killed in this battle, then this money that I buried is for my children
Al-Fadl, `Abdullah and Quthm) Al-`Abbas said, `By Allah, O Allah's Messenger! I
know that you are Allah's Messenger, for this is a thing that none except Umm
Al-Fadl and I knew. However, O Allah's Messenger! Could you count towards my
ransom the twenty Uwqiyah (pertaining to a weight) that you took from me (in the
battle)' The Messenger of Allah said,
«لَا ذَاكَ شَيْءٌ
أَعْطَانَا اللهُ تَعَالَى مِنْك»
(No, for that was money that Allah made as war spoils for us from you).
So Al-`Abbas ransomed himself, his two nephews and an ally, and Allah
revealed this verse,
[يَـأَيُّهَا
النَّبِىُّ قُل لِّمَن فِى أَيْدِيكُم مِّنَ الاٌّسْرَى إِن يَعْلَمِ اللَّهُ فِي
قُلُوبِكُمْ خَيْراً يُؤْتِكُمْ خَيْراً مِّمَّآ أُخِذَ مِنكُمْ وَيَغْفِرْ لَكُمْ
وَاللَّهُ غَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ ]
(O Prophet! Say to the captives that are in your hands: "If Allah knows any
good in your hearts, He will give you something better than what has been taken
from you, and He will forgive you, and Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.'')
[8:70] Al-`Abbas commented, `After I became Muslim, Allah gave me twenty
servants in place of the twenty Uwqiyah I lost. And I hope for Allah's
forgiveness.''
Al-Hafiz Abu Bakr Al-Bayhaqi recorded, that Anas bin Malik said, "The Prophet
was brought some wealth from Bahrain and said;
«انْثُرُوهُ فِي
مَسجِدِي»
(Distribute it in my Masjid) and it was the biggest amount of goods Allah's
Messenger had ever received. He left for prayer and did not even look at the
goods. After finishing the prayer, he sat by those goods and gave some of it to
everybody he saw. Al-`Abbas came to him and said, `O Allah's Messenger! give me
(something) too, because I gave ransom for myself and `Aqil. ' Allah's Messenger
told him to take. So he stuffed his garment with it and tried to carry it away
but he failed to do so. He said, `Order someone to help me in lifting it.' The
Prophet refused. He then said to the Prophet , `Will you please help me to lift
it' Allah's Messenger refused. Then Al-`Abbas dropped some of it and lifted it
on his shoulders and went away. Allah's Messenger kept on watching him till he
disappeared from his sight and was astonished at his greediness. Allah's
Messenger did not get up until the last coin was distributed.'' Al-Bukhari also
collected this Hadith in several places of his Sahih with an abridged chain, in
a manner indicating his approral of it.
Allah said,
[وَإِن يُرِيدُواْ
خِيَانَتَكَ فَقَدْ خَانُواْ اللَّهَ مِن قَبْلُ]
(But if they intend to betray you, they indeed betrayed Allah before)
meaning,
[وَإِن يُرِيدُواْ
خِيَانَتَكَ]
(But if they intend to betray you) in contradiction to what they declare to
you by words.
[فَقَدْ خَانُواْ
اللَّهَ مِن قَبْلُ]
(they indeed betrayed Allah before), the battle of Badr by committing
disbelief in Him,
[فَأَمْكَنَ
مِنْهُمْ]
(So He gave (you) power over them), causing them to be captured in Badr,
[وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ
حَكِيمٌ]
(And Allah is All-Knower, All-Wise.)
He is Ever Aware of his actions and All-Wise in what He decides.
[إِنَّ الَّذِينَ
ءَامَنُواْ وَهَاجَرُواْ وَجَـهَدُواْ بِأَمْوَلِهِمْ وَأَنفُسِهِمْ فِى سَبِيلِ
اللَّهِ وَالَّذِينَ ءَاوَواْ وَّنَصَرُواْ أُوْلَـئِكَ بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلِيَآءُ
بَعْضٍ وَالَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ وَلَمْ يُهَاجِرُواْ مَا لَكُم مِّن وَلـيَتِهِم
مِّن شَىْءٍ حَتَّى يُهَاجِرُواْ وَإِنِ اسْتَنصَرُوكُمْ فِى الدِّينِ فَعَلَيْكُمُ
النَّصْرُ إِلاَّ عَلَى قَوْمٍ بَيْنَكُمْ وَبَيْنَهُم مِّيثَاقٌ وَاللَّهُ بِمَا
تَعْمَلُونَ بَصِيرٌ ]
(72. Verily, those who believed, and emigrated and strove hard and fought
with their property and their lives in the cause of Allah as well as those who
gave (them) asylum and help, -- these are (all) allies to one another. And as to
those who believed but did not emigrate, you owe no duty of protection to them
until they emigrate, but if they seek your help in religion, it is your duty to
help them except against a people with whom you have a treaty of mutual
alliance; and Allah is the All-Seer of what you do.)
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