Allah says;
[أَلَمْ يَجِدْكَ
يَتِيماً فَآوَى ]
(Did He not find you an orphan and gave you a refuge) This refers to the fact
that his father died while his mother was still pregnant with him, and his
mother, Aminah bint Wahb died when he was only six years old. After this he was
under the guardianship of his grandfather, `Abdul-Muttalib, until he died when
Muhammad was eight years old. Then his uncle, Abu Talib took responsibility for
him and continued to protect him, assist him, elavate his status, honor him, and
even restrain his people from harming him when he was forty years of age and
Allah commissioned him with the prophethood. Even with this, Abu Talib continued
to follow the religion of his people, worshipping idols. All of this took place
by the divine decree of Allah and His decree is most excellent. Until Abu Talib
died a short time before the Hijrah. After this (Abu Talib's death) the foolish
and ignorant people of the Quraysh began to attack him, so Allah chose for him
to migrate away from them to the city of Al-Aws and Al-Khazraj among those who
helped him (in Al-Madinah). Allah caused his Sunnah to be spread in the most
perfect and complete manner. Then, when he arrived at their city, they gave him
shelter, supported him, defended him and fought before him (against the enemies
of Islam) -- may Allah be pleased with all of them. All of this was from Allah's
protection for him, guarding over him and caring for him. Then Allah says,
[وَوَجَدَكَ ضَآلاًّ
فَهَدَى ]
(He found you unaware and guided you) This is similar to Allah's saying,
[وَكَذَلِكَ
أَوْحَيْنَآ إِلَيْكَ رُوحاً مِّنْ أَمْرِنَا مَا كُنتَ تَدْرِى مَا الْكِتَـبُ
وَلاَ الإِيمَـنُ وَلَـكِن جَعَلْنَـهُ نُوراً نَّهْدِى بِهِ مَن نَّشَآءُ مِنْ
عِبَادِنَا]
(And thus We have sent to you a Ruh from Our command. you knew not what is
the Book, nor what is Faith. But We have made it a light wherewith We guide
whosoever of our servants We will...) (42:52) Allah says,
[وَوَجَدَكَ عَآئِلاً
فَأَغْنَى ]
(And He found you poor and made you rich) meaning, `you were poor having
dependents, so Allah made you wealthy and independent of all others besides
Him.' Thus, Allah combined for him the two positions: the one who is poor and
patient, and the one who is wealthy and thankful. In the Two Sahihs it has been
recorded from Abu Hurayrah that the Messenger of Allah said,
«لَيْسَ الْغِنَى
عَنْ كَثْرَةِ الْعَرَضِ، وَلَكِنَّ الْغِنَى غِنَى النَّفْس»
(Wealth is not determined by abundance of possessions, but wealth is the
richness of the soul.) In Sahih Muslim, it is recorded from `Abdullah bin `Amr
that the Messenger of Allah said,
«قَدْ أَفْلَحَ مَنْ
أَسْلَمَ وَرُزِقَ كَفَافًا وَقَنَّعَهُ اللهُ بِمَا آتَاه»
(Whoever accepts Islam, is provided with his basic needs, and Allah makes him
content with what He has given him, then he will be successful.)
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