It was also said that the Ayah
﴿وَلاَ تَأْكُلُوهَآ إِسْرَافاً وَبِدَاراً
أَن يَكْبَرُواْ﴾
(consume it not wastefully and hastily, fearing that they should grow up,) means,
let them have Taqwa of Allah when taking care of the orphan's wealth, as Ibn Jarir
recorded from Al-`Awfi who reported this explanation from Ibn `Abbas. This is a
sound opinion that is supported by the warning that follows against consuming the
orphan's wealth unjustly. In this case, the meaning becomes: Just as you would want
your offspring to be treated fairly after you, then treat other people's offspring
fairly when you are given the responsibility of caring for them. Allah proclaims
that those who unjustly consume the wealth of orphans, will be eating fire into
their stomach, this is why Allah said,
﴿إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَأْكُلُونَ أَمْوَلَ
الْيَتَـمَى ظُلْماً إِنَّمَا يَأْكُلُونَ فِى بُطُونِهِمْ نَاراً وَسَيَصْلَوْنَ سَعِيراً
﴾
(Verily, those who unjustly eat up the property of orphans, they eat up only a fire
into their bellies, and they will be burnt in the blazing Fire!) meaning, when you
consume the orphan's wealth without a right, then you are only consuming fire, which
will kindle in your stomach on the Day of Resurrection. It is recorded in the Two
Sahihs that Abu Hurayrah said that the Messenger of Allah said,
«اجْتَنِبُوا السَّبْعَ الْمُوبِقَات»
(Avoid the seven great destructive sins. ) The people asked, "O Allah's Messenger!
What are they'' He said,
«الشِّرْكُ بِاللهِ، وَالسِّحْرُ،
وَقَتْلُ النَّفْسِ الَّتِي حَرَّمَ اللهُ إِلَّا بِالْحَقِّ، وَأَكْلُ الرِّبَا، وَأَكْلُ
مَالِ الْيَتِيمِ، وَالتَّوَلِّي يَوْمَ الزَّحْفِ، وَقَذْفُ الْمُحْصَنَاتِ الْمُؤْمِنَاتِ
الْغَافِلَات»
(To join others in worship along with Allah, magic, to kill the life which Allah
has forbidden except for a just cause, to consume interest, to consume an orphan's
property, to turn your back to the enemy and flee from the battlefield at the time
of fighting, and to accuse chaste women who never even think of anything harmful
to their chastity being good believers.)
﴿يُوصِيكُمُ اللَّهُ
فِى أَوْلَـدِكُمْ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الاٍّنْثَيَيْنِ فَإِن كُنَّ نِسَآءً فَوْقَ
اثْنَتَيْنِ فَلَهُنَّ ثُلُثَا مَا تَرَكَ وَإِن كَانَتْ وَحِدَةً فَلَهَا النِّصْفُ
وَلاًّبَوَيْهِ لِكُلِّ وَحِدٍ مِّنْهُمَا السُّدُسُ مِمَّا تَرَكَ إِن كَانَ لَهُ
وَلَدٌ فَإِن لَّمْ يَكُنْ لَّهُ وَلَدٌ وَوَرِثَهُ أَبَوَاهُ فَلاٌّمِّهِ الثُّلُثُ
فَإِن كَانَ لَهُ إِخْوَةٌ فَلاٌّمِّهِ السُّدُسُ مِن بَعْدِ وَصِيَّةٍ يُوصِى بِهَآ
أَوْ دَيْنٍ ءَابَآؤُكُمْ وَأَبناؤُكُمْ لاَ تَدْرُونَ أَيُّهُمْ أَقْرَبُ لَكُمْ نَفْعاً
فَرِيضَةً مِّنَ اللَّهِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ عَلِيماً حَكِيماً ﴾
(11. Allah commands you for your children's (inheritance): to the male, a portion
equal to that of two - females; if only daughters, two or more, their share is two
thirds of the inheritance; if only one, her share is half. For parents, a sixth
share of inheritance to each if the deceased left children; if no children, and
the parents are the (only) heirs, the mother has a third; if the deceased left brothers
or (sisters), the mother has a sixth. (The distribution in all cases is) after the
payment of legacies he may have bequeathed or debts. You know not which of them,
whether your parents or your children, are nearest to you in benefit, (these fixed
shares) are ordained by Allah. And Allah is Ever All-Knower, All-Wise.)
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