Allah the Exalted states that the Arab idolators from Quraysh and their
allies who extended help to them against His Messenger ,
[هُمُ الَّذِينَ
كَفَرُواْ]
(They are those who disbelieved), they are indeed the disbelievers,
[وَصَدُّوكُمْ عَنِ
الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ]
(and hindered you from Al-Masjid Al-Haram) `even though you are its people
and more worthy of being responsible for it,'
[وَالْهَدْىَ
مَعْكُوفاً أَن يَبْلُغَ مَحِلَّهُ]
(and detained the sacrificial animals, from reaching their place of
sacrifice.) they prevented, because of transgression and stubbornness, the
sacrificial animals from being reached to the place where they would be
slaughtered. There were seventy sacrificial camels designated for sacrifice, as
we will mention, Allah willing. Allah the Exalted and Most Honored said,
[وَلَوْلاَ رِجَالٌ
مُّؤْمِنُونَ وَنِسَآءٌ مُّؤْمِنَـتٌ]
(Had there not been believing men and believing women) `living among the
Makkans hiding their faith for fearing for their safety from the pagans.
Otherwise, We would have given you authority over the Makkans and you would have
killed them to the brink of extermination. However, there were some faithful
believers, men and women, living among them, about whom you had no knowledge of
being believers and you might try to kill them.' Allah's statement,
[لَّمْ تَعْلَمُوهُمْ
أَن تَطَئُوهُمْ فَتُصِيبَكمْ مِّنْهُمْ مَّعَرَّةٌ]
(whom you did not know, that you may kill them and on whose account a sin
would have been committed by you) an evil and erroneous act,
[بِغَيْرِ عِلْمٍ
لِّيُدْخِلَ اللَّهُ فِى رَحْمَتِهِ مَن يَشَآءُ]
(without (your) knowledge, that Allah might bring into His mercy whom He
wills) that Allah might delay the punishment of the pagans of Makkah to save the
believers who lived among them, and so that many of the idolators might embrace
Islam. Allah the Exalted and Most Honored said,
[لَوْ
تَزَيَّلُواْ]
(if they had been apart), if the disbelievers and the believers who were
living among them had been apart,
[لَعَذَّبْنَا
الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ مِنْهُمْ عَذَاباً أَلِيماً]
(We verily, would have punished with painful torment those of them who
disbelieved) `We would have given you dominance over the disbelievers and you
would have inflicted tremendous slaughter on them.' Allah the Exalted and Most
Honored said,
[إِذْ جَعَلَ
الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ فِى قُلُوبِهِمُ الْحَمِيَّةَ حَمِيَّةَ
الْجَـهِلِيَّةِ]
(When those who disbelieve had put in their hearts pride and haughtiness --
the pride and haughtiness of the time of ignorance, ) when they refused to write
(in the treaty document), `In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most
Merciful,' and, `These are the terms agreed on by Muhammad, Allah's Messenger,'
[فَأَنزَلَ اللَّهُ
سَكِينَتَهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ وَعَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَأَلْزَمَهُمْ كَلِمَةَ
التَّقْوَى]
(then Allah sent down His calmness and tranquillity upon His Messenger and
upon the believers and made them stick to the word of Taqwa;) the word of Taqwa
refers to sincerity, according to Mujahid. `Ata' bin Abi Rabah commented, "None
has the right to be worshipped but Allah, alone without partners. All the
dominion belongs to Him and all praise is due to Him. He is Ever Able to do
everything.'' Yunus bin Bukayr said that Ibn Ishaq narrated from Az-Zuhri, from
`Urwah, from Al-Miswar, commenting on,
[وَأَلْزَمَهُمْ
كَلِمَةَ التَّقْوَى]
(and made them stick to the word of Taqwa;) "`La ilaha illallah, alone
without partners.''
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