Whatever he wills happens, and whatever He does not will does not happen. He
gives to whomsoever He wills and withholds from whomsoever he wills; none can
withhold what He gives, and none can give what He withholds, and He creates
whatever He wills.
[يَهَبُ لِمَن
يَشَآءُ إِنَـثاً]
(He bestows female upon whom He wills.) means, He gives them daughters only.
Al-Baghawi said, "And among them (those who were given daughters only) was Lut,
peace be upon him.''
[وَيَهَبُ لِمَن
يَشَآءُ الذُّكُورَ]
(and bestows male upon whom He wills.) means, He gives them sons only.
Al-Baghawi said, "Like Ibrahim Al-Khalil, peace be upon him, who did not have
any daughters.''
[أَوْ يُزَوِّجُهُمْ
ذُكْرَاناً وَإِنَـثاً]
(Or He bestows both males and females,) means, He gives to whomsoever He
wills both males and females, sons and daughters. Al-Baghawi said, "Like
Muhammad .''
[وَيَجْعَلُ مَن
يَشَآءُ عَقِيماً]
(and He renders barren whom He wills. ) means, so that he has no children at
all. Al-Baghawi said, "Like Yahya and `Isa, peace be upon them.'' So people are
divided into four categories: some are given daughters, some are given sons,
some are given both sons and daughters, and some are not given either sons or
daughters, but they are rendered barren, with no offspring.
[إِنَّهُ
عَلِيمٌ]
(Verily, He is the All-Knower) means, He knows who deserves to be in which of
these categories.
[قَدِيرٌ]
(and is Able (to do all things).) means, to do whatever He wills and to
differentiate between people in this manner. This issue is similar to that
referred to in the Ayah where Allah says of `Isa, peace be upon him:
[وَلِنَجْعَلَهُ
ءَايَةً لِّلْنَّاسِ]
(And (We wish) to appoint him as a sign to mankind) (19:21): i.e., proof for
them of His power, for He created people in four different ways. Adam, peace be
upon him, was created from clay, from neither a male nor a female. Hawwa', peace
be upon her, was created from a male without a female. All other people, besides
`Isa, peace be upon him, were created from male and female, and this sign of
Allah was completed with the creation of `Isa bin Maryam, may peace be upon them
both, who was created from a female without a male. Allah says:
[وَلِنَجْعَلَهُ
ءَايَةً لِّلْنَّاسِ]
(And (We wish) to appoint him as a sign to mankind) (19: 21). This issue has
to do with parents, whilst the previous issue has to do with children, and in
each case there are four categories. Glory be to the All-Knower Who is Able to
do all things.
[وَمَا كَانَ
لِبَشَرٍ أَن يُكَلِّمَهُ اللَّهُ إِلاَّ وَحْياً أَوْ مِن وَرَآءِ حِجَابٍ أَوْ
يُرْسِلَ رَسُولاً فَيُوحِىَ بِإِذْنِهِ مَا يَشَآءُ إِنَّهُ عَلِىٌّ حَكِيمٌ -
وَكَذَلِكَ أَوْحَيْنَآ إِلَيْكَ رُوحاً مِّنْ أَمْرِنَا مَا كُنتَ تَدْرِى مَا
الْكِتَـبُ وَلاَ الإِيمَـنُ وَلَـكِن جَعَلْنَـهُ نُوراً نَّهْدِى بِهِ مَن
نَّشَآءُ مِنْ عِبَادِنَا وَإِنَّكَ لَتَهْدِى إِلَى صِرَطٍ مُّسْتَقِيمٍ - صِرَطِ
اللَّهِ الَّذِى لَهُ مَا فِى السَّمَـوَتِ وَمَا فِى الاٌّرْضِ أَلاَ إِلَى
اللَّهِ تَصِيرُ الاٍّمُورُ ]
(51. It is not given to any human being that Allah should speak to him unless
(it be) by revelation, or from behind a veil, or (that) He sends a Messenger to
reveal what He wills by His leave. Verily, He is Most High, Most Wise.) (52. And
thus We have sent to you Ruh of Our command. You knew not what is the Book, nor
what is Faith. But We have made it a light wherewith We guide whosoever of Our
servants We will. And verily, you are indeed guiding to a straight path.) (53.
The path of Allah to Whom belongs all that is in the heavens and all that is on
the earth. Verily, all matters at the end go to Allah.)
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